{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:14:14Z","timestamp":1785507254038,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"central government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region guides local science and technology development funds","award":["ZYYD2025QY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYD2025QY04"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project","award":["20260203103SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260203103SF"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2025YFDZ0127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFDZ0127"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Training Program for Key Talents in Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers","award":["2024SNGGNT084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SNGGNT084"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology of Jilin Province, International Joint Research Center of Bioreactor and medicine development","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD082"]}]},{"name":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Project","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic\u2013heavy metal co-contamination in agricultural wastewater, elucidating the antibiotic removal capacity of degrading bacteria under heavy metal stress, as well as their adaptive mechanisms, is of considerable theoretical significance and practical value. In this study, the highly efficient TYL-degrading strain TYL-A1 was selected as a model organism, and the effects of Pb2+ exposure on its TYL removal performance, oxidative stress response, cell surface characteristics, and transcriptional regulation were systematically investigated. The results showed that TYL removal remained above 85% after 72 h under a nominal Pb2+ concentration of 100 mg\/L in the phosphate-containing MSM system. The phosphate may have reduced Pb2+ bioavailability. Nominal Pb2+ exposure increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), accompanied by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. This indicates that the strain experienced pronounced oxidative stress and altered energy metabolism. Meanwhile, cell membrane permeability increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed that the overall cellular morphology remained intact, whereas the membrane surface structure and related cellular components underwent adaptive changes. According to a transcriptomic analysis, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways associated with primary metabolism, transmembrane transport, ABC transporters, and two-component systems. In summary, strain TYL-A1 maintained high TYL removal performance under the tested nominal Pb2+ concentrations in the present phosphate-containing culture system, suggesting its potential applicability in the bioremediation of water bodies co-contaminated with antibiotics and heavy metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15080958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:23:20Z","timestamp":1785504200000},"page":"958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tylosin Removal Under Pb2+ Stress Using Kurthia gibsonii TYL-A1: Redox Adaptation and Transcriptomic Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heshi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanquan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingcong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changlong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5701-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115367","article-title":"Effects of the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken manure and surrounding soils","volume":"263","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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