{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:05:03Z","timestamp":1786122303426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Fundamental Fund 2024, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF082\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF082\/2567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Fundamental Fund 2024, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG32\/2568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG32\/2568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FF082\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF082\/2567"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RG32\/2568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG32\/2568"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society","award":["I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice bran oil (RBO) is a rich source of lipophilic bioactive compounds that may contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone-health-promoting activities. This study investigated the effects of RBOs containing tocopherols, tocotrienols, and \u03b3-oryzanol derived from Thai pigmented and non-pigmented rice cultivars on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and bone-remodeling-related activities. The content of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and \u03b3-oryzanol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined in human fetal osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cells where nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Following compositional profiling and correlation analyses of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, three representative RBOs were subsequently evaluated for their effects on bone-remodeling-related activities in hFOB 1.19 cells through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the production of osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Additionally, calcification was investigated by Alizarin Red S staining. Pigmented RBOs, particularly Khao\u2019 Hom Nil and RD69, contained higher levels of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and \u03b3-oryzanol than non-pigmented RBOs. These oils significantly suppressed ROS, NO, and iNOS production, which correlated with tocopherol, tocotrienol, and \u03b3-oryzanol content, while enhancing ALP activity, OC and OPG production, reducing RANKL levels and the RANKL\/OPG ratio, and promoting matrix mineralization. Overall, pigmented RBOs represent promising natural sources of lipophilic bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone-remodeling-related activities under in vitro conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15080981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T09:14:28Z","timestamp":1786094068000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Bone-Remodeling Modulatory Activities of Thai Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Bran Oils Containing Tocols and \u03b3-Oryzanol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanawat","family":"Pattananandecha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutasinee","family":"Apichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2999-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakaphun","family":"Julsrigival","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannika","family":"Thiankhanithikun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2755-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9412-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohito","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9891-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jetsada","family":"Ruangsuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0229-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chalermpong","family":"Saenjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.-M., Lin, C., Stavre, Z., Greenblatt, M.B., and Shim, J.-H. 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