{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:27:51Z","timestamp":1786426071012,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","award":["GSLK-2022-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSLK-2022-13"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009620","name":"Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YFNA023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YFNA023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["24YFNA023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YFNA023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xz2hx98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruits are rich in bioactive polysaccharides (QBC) with high nutritional and developmental potential. This study optimized the ultrasonic-assisted extraction QBC via RSM, determining the optimal parameters to be 45 min, 59 \u00b0C, 19:1 mL\/g, and 50% (150 W eq.), yielding 15.13%. Structurally, QBC exhibited a Mw of 1.997 \u00d7 105, Mw\/Mn of 3.727, Rz of 15.6, and a monosaccharide molar ratio of rhamnose:arabinose:mannose:glucose:galactose = 1:1.12:1.66:7.3:1.86. In this study, the effects of QBC on oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated via in vivo experiments. The results demonstrated that QBC significantly improved the thymic index and restored immune function. Specifically, QBC upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3. The analysis of \u03b1\/\u03b2 diversity via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the CTX group induced a reduction in microbial richness, a more dispersed community structure, and increased intergroup dissimilarities. KEGG functional prediction indicated that polysaccharides regulated the \u2018Infectious disease: parasitic\u2019 and \u2018Nitrotoluene degradation\u2019 pathways, potentially by exerting their effects through metabolite-mediated immune regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15080986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baotang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faqin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1721487","article-title":"A new flavonol acylglycoside from the fruits of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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