{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:26:44Z","timestamp":1790796404105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2026-376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ORF-2026-376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-376"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crinum amoenum Roxb. ex Ker Gawl. (C. amoenum) is traditionally used in Nepal, but its antidiabetic potential remains insufficiently validated. This study characterized the 80% (v\/v) ethanol bulb extract of C. amoenum and evaluated its antioxidant, \u03b1-amylase inhibitory, hypoglycemic, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and ADMET profiles. The ethanolic bulb extract was evaluated through phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) estimation, LC-MS analysis, antioxidant assays, \u03b1-amylase inhibition assays, acute toxicity testing, and hypoglycemic\/oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) studies in Wistar rats. Lycorine, pratorinine, and palmatine were docked against \u03b1-amylase (PDB ID: 5U3A) and GLP-1R (PDB ID: 6GB1), followed by 200 ns MD simulations and ADMET prediction. Qualitative analysis of the extract was positive for flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and carbohydrates, and a positive Salkowski reaction indicated the presence of constituents occurring in glycosidic form. The TPC was 173.38 \u00b1 1.22 mg GAE\/g, and the TFC was 314.58 \u00b1 0.09 mg QE\/g. LC-MS tentatively annotated lycorine, pratorinine, and palmatine based on retention time, m\/z values in positive-mode electrospray ionization, and comparison with previously reported spectral information. The extract showed DPPH scavenging activity (IC50: 90.98 \u03bcg\/mL) and strong \u03b1-amylase inhibition (IC50: 49.31 \u03bcg\/mL) compared with acarbose (IC50: 51.51 \u03bcg\/mL). No deaths were observed following oral administration at 5000 mg\/kg to rats. The 500 mg\/kg dose produced the greatest hypoglycemic response, reducing blood glucose by 35.78% at 120 min in non-diabetic Wistar rats and by 19.21% at 60 min in glucose-loaded rats. Among all the compounds tested, pratorinine demonstrated the highest docking affinity with \u03b1-amylase (\u22128.2 kcal\/mol; ASP300) and GLP-1R (\u22127.0 kcal\/mol; GLY132). MD simulation supported greater stability of the \u03b1-amylase complex, and ADMET prediction identified pratorinine as a comparatively favorable predicted lead candidate (LD50: 1000 mg\/kg; Class 4 toxicity category). Pratorinine was identified as the most promising in silico antidiabetic candidate from the C. amoenum extract, primarily due to stable \u03b1-amylase interactions and favorable ADMET properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15081004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:06:16Z","timestamp":1786608376000},"page":"1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of the Bulb Extract of Crinum amoenum Roxb. ex Ker Gawl: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Prabhat Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda 44100, Nepal"},{"name":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalsoom","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Weiskirchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibek","family":"Kumar Kohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda 44100, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Kishor","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biswash","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda 44100, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Panta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1123-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipindra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda 44100, Nepal"},{"name":"School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Plant patent systems for equity and sustainability","volume":"3","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Intellect. Prop. 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