{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1792181501872,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32270760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270760"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, pancreatic \u03b2-cell dysfunction, and dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. Sustained hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia promote excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense depletion, and chronic low-grade inflammation, thereby aggravating insulin signaling impairment, \u03b2-cell injury, and diabetes-related complications. Although current glucose-lowering therapies have improved glycemic control, weight management, and cardiorenal outcomes, oxidative stress and inflammation remain incompletely addressed in many individuals with T2DM. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa L., exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-regulating, insulin-sensitizing, and tissue-protective activities. Evidence suggests that curcumin may alleviate T2DM-associated oxidative stress by suppressing ROS generation, reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, modulating the advanced glycation end-product\/receptor for advanced glycation end-product (AGE\/RAGE) axis, activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2\/antioxidant response element (Nrf2\/ARE) signaling, preserving mitochondrial homeostasis, and protecting \u03b2-cells. It may also inhibit nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase\/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MAPK\/JNK) signaling, decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), improve metabolic tissue inflammation, and attenuate gut-derived inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function. However, current clinical evidence mainly supports modest improvements in metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress-related, and selected complication-related biomarkers rather than definitive disease-modifying outcomes. Moreover, formulation heterogeneity, low bioavailability, limited pharmacokinetic reporting, and insufficient long-term endpoint data remain major translational barriers. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, formulation-dependent interpretation, safety considerations, and translational limitations of curcumin as a candidate adjunctive intervention for T2DM, rather than as a replacement for evidence-based antidiabetic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15081025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:35:08Z","timestamp":1786984508000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Use of Curcumin to Target Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8373-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qipeng","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3134-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00299-2","article-title":"11th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional, and national diabetes prevalence estimates for 2024 and projections for 2050","volume":"14","author":"Genitsaridi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022522-102832","article-title":"Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes","volume":"85","author":"Harrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. 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