{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:20:38Z","timestamp":1787570438981,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32403054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32403054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32403054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32403054"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD2400701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2400701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2023TD30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD30"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whether zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) bioaccumulation in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) reflects toxicological stress or is an incidental consequence of growth remains unclear. We cultured three commercial triploid M. gigas stocks for approximately one year, sampling gill and hepatopancreas at the start and end of this period, when Zn\/Cu burden was naturally low and high, respectively. Pooled samples from both time points were profiled by whole-transcriptome sequencing, enzyme activity and oxidative damage assays, qPCR validation, and protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis. Transcriptome-wide changes in both tissues tracked the culture period, but growth and Zn\/Cu burden were too highly collinear (r = 0.92\u20130.98) to separate statistically. Critically, of the four metals measured (Zn, Cu, iron [Fe], and manganese [Mn]), only Zn and Cu increased with growth, whereas Fe and Mn did not, indicating metal-specific rather than generalized accumulation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the transcript abundance of its copper\/zinc isoform (Cu\/Zn-SOD) increased with growth in both tissues, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was unchanged and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity rose only in gill. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative damage, increased in both tissues. Gill mounted a broader response than hepatopancreas, including upregulation of KEAP1 alongside downregulation of detoxification, proteostasis, and ribosome-related genes. Stock-level qPCR further revealed stock-dependent regulation of antioxidant genes in hepatopancreas. Together, these results indicate that Zn\/Cu bioaccumulation in M. gigas co-varies with growth in a metal-specific manner, consistent with cofactor demand for Cu\/Zn-SOD. The accompanying oxidative and proteostatic changes therefore more plausibly reflect growth physiology than an independent pollutant signal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15081039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:14:01Z","timestamp":1787300041000},"page":"1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth-Linked, Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Reprogramming During Natural Zn\/Cu Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Magallana gigas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7136-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-Le","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Gang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5476-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Ming","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Oyster Seed Industry, Qingdao 266105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2026). 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