{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:22:50Z","timestamp":1787746970209,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ganpo Elite Support Program for Young Leading Talents in Universities of Jiangxi Province","award":["QN2023009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QN2023009"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20252BAC240143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20252BAC240143"]}]},{"name":"the Health Commission of Jiangxi Province","award":["202311127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202311127"]}]},{"award":["202311127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202311127"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vc7fb96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Drugs","award":["2024SSY07061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSY07061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory diseases are caused by overactivation of the immune system and lead to tissue damage; their high incidence and complications seriously threaten human health. Currently, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of clinical practice, but their long-term use can cause gastrointestinal damage, drug resistance, and other problems. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has become a research hotspot for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, among which Icariin (ICA), the main active ingredient of Epimedium, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory potential. In this review, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted, and original studies on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of ICA were included. The roles and mechanisms of ICA in inflammatory diseases in different systems are summarized. Specifically, ICA suppresses NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and activates the Nrf2\/HO-1 antioxidant axis, thereby reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2. Overall, the current evidence indicates broad anti-inflammatory effects of ICA across multiple organ systems, particularly in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction; however, clinical translation is limited by poor bioavailability and the lack of standardized dosage data. Future efforts should focus on pharmacokinetic optimization and well-designed clinical trials to facilitate its application in inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:53:42Z","timestamp":1787745222000},"page":"1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential Therapeutic Roles of Icariin in Inflammatory Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sirui","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1521-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meixiu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Drugs, The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113180","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of icariin and icaritin","volume":"151","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. 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