{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:18:18Z","timestamp":1787890698074,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation","award":["Qian Ke He Platform ZSYS [2025] 019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Platform ZSYS [2025] 019"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["Qiankehe Foundation [2024] Youth 317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe Foundation [2024] Youth 317"]}]},{"name":"Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Science and Technology of Guizhou Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["QZYY-2025-020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QZYY-2025-020"]}]},{"name":"Zunyi City Municipal and University Joint Science and Technology Funding Project","award":["Zunshi Kehe HZ [2025] 251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Zunshi Kehe HZ [2025] 251"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Basic Research Program","award":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZD [2026] 156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZD [2026] 156"]}]},{"name":"Zunyi Medical University Postdoctoral Training Fund Project","award":["ZYBSH [2024] 016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYBSH [2024] 016"]}]},{"award":["ZYBSH [2024] 016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYBSH [2024] 016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g5b0g93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Total flavonoids (TF) from Artemisia argyi, a traditional edible-medicinal Asteraceae herb, were extracted via a food-grade ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES, Glycerol\/Levulinic Acid\/Xylitol = 1:1:1 molar ratio, 30% w\/w water) under ultrasound assistance. A hybrid response surface methodology\u2013genetic algorithm\u2013artificial neural network (RSM-GA-ANN) model optimized parameters to deliver a maximum TF yield of 107.7 mg\/g\u20141.5\u20131.8-fold higher than conventional hydroalcoholic extraction. Greenness was quantified by AGREEprep (score = 0.70) and MoGAPI (score = 80\/100), confirming the method\u2019s sustainability, with TDES retaining &gt;84% extraction efficiency over three reuse cycles. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed TDES forms a more stable hydrogen bond network with plant cell walls (average H-bond lifetime: 101.279 ps vs. 46.698 ps for 50% ethanol), a finding validated by density functional theory calculations showing TDES establishes 7\u20139 hydrogen bonds with cellobiose (the cellulose repeating unit), far exceeding ethanol\u2019s 1\u20132 hydrogen bonds. Purified TF exhibited potent radical-scavenging activity (DPPH IC50: 0.176 mg\/mL; ABTS IC50: 0.159 mg\/mL) and multipotent enzyme inhibition (\u03b1-glucosidase IC50: 55.31 \u03bcg\/mL; acetylcholinesterase IC50: 0.618 mg\/mL; pancreatic lipase IC50: 0.125 mg\/mL). TF also suppressed HCT116, A549, and HepG2 proliferation (IC50 \u2248 50 \u03bcg\/mL) and protected HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. As an in silico probe, the predominant quantified flavonoid eupatilin (3.64 mg\/g) docked to xanthine oxidase (\u22127.78 kcal\/mol vs. allopurinol \u22126.86), offering a structural hypothesis for XO interaction without attributing mixture bioactivity to a single compound. This TDES-based platform offers a scalable, green route to valorize A. argyi for functional food and nutraceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:04:32Z","timestamp":1787756672000},"page":"1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-Assisted Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Artemisia argyi: GA-ANN Optimization, Greenness Assessment, and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6926-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuqiang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Zunyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.121508","article-title":"Multidimensional Quality Evaluation of Artemisia argyi as a Medicinal Crop: Phenotypic Traits, Chemical Composition, and Pharmacodynamic Activity of Wild and Cultivated Populations","volume":"234","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. 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