{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:04Z","timestamp":1789103224953,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008387","name":"Xi'an Science Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25ZDLYB00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZDLYB00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["25ZDLYB00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZDLYB00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02rn5dn49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD0549700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0549700"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD0549701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0549701"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31770917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32171102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171102"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31770917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770917"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preservation of mitochondrial integrity has emerged as a central hub in the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. This narrative review advances a framework in which mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) serve as the mechanistic bridge between exercise and inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction releases mtDAMPs, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), reactive oxygen species, cardiolipin, N-formyl peptides, and ATP, which activate cGAS\u2013STING, the NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR9, AIM2, ZBP1, and NF-\u03baB signaling. Crosstalk among these pathways allows mild mitochondrial damage to escalate into chronic inflammation. Exercise opposes this cascade through the AMPK\u2013PGC-1\u03b1 axis, which coordinately activates four mitochondrial quality control (MQC) modules: biogenesis, antioxidant defense, dynamics, and mitophagy. The cardiovascular system illustrates this framework, as myocardial inflammation runs mainly through mtDNA\u2013cGAS\u2013STING signaling and vascular inflammation through oxidized mtDNA\u2013NLRP3 signaling, while cardiovascular aging engages both axes at once. Throughout, exercise refers to repeated training rather than to a single bout, and the framework targets middle-aged and older adults with, or at risk of, cardiovascular disease. The upstream half of the sequence, in which training raises mitochondrial content and antioxidant capacity, rests on human muscle biopsy data; the downstream half remains largely preclinical. MQC is therefore proposed as a testable target rather than an established one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:53:28Z","timestamp":1788789208000},"page":"1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial Quality Control Links Exercise to Sterile Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiankang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Precision Intervention for Aging, Shandong Key Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, School of Life Sciences and Health, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220271","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-22-0271","article-title":"Immunology of chronic low-grade inflammation: Relationship with metabolic function","volume":"257","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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