{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:07:12Z","timestamp":1789549632711,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome and hand edema can complicate inpatient rehabilitation and may reflect interactions between antioxidant, nutritional, inflammatory, and neuro-musculoskeletal factors. This single-center retrospective cohort study included 453 adults admitted for inpatient rehabilitation within 60 days after a first-ever unilateral ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2025. The primary exposure was the number of abnormal antioxidant-, nutritional-, and inflammation-related biomarkers, defined as serum zinc &lt;70 \u00b5g\/dL, albumin &lt;3.5 g\/dL, C-reactive protein \u22651.0 mg\/dL, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio \u22653.0. The primary outcome was shoulder-hand syndrome or clinically significant hand edema during inpatient rehabilitation. In multivariable logistic regression with robust standard errors, each 1-unit increase in the number of abnormal biomarkers was associated with higher odds of the primary composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.15\u20131.77; p = 0.001). Directionally consistent associations were observed for shoulder-hand syndrome, clinically significant hand edema, Fugl\u2013Meyer upper-extremity score at discharge, and poor upper-limb function at discharge. In a temporal sensitivity analysis excluding the 28 patients with the primary outcome already documented at PM&amp;R admission (N = 425), biomarker profiling preceded the documented outcome in all 98 subsequent event cases, and the association remained (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.12\u20131.79; p = 0.004). These findings indicate that a higher burden of abnormal antioxidant-, nutritional-, and inflammation-related biomarkers was associated with a clinical profile characterized by upper-limb complications and less favorable short-term motor function; the burden measure is not validated for prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Higher Burden of Abnormal Antioxidant-, Nutritional-, and Inflammation-Related Biomarkers Is Associated with Shoulder-Hand Syndrome, Hand Edema, and Short-Term Upper-Limb Outcomes During Stroke Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1926-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Hyeok","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9364-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eo Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098","article-title":"Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"47","author":"Winstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019897843","article-title":"Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation following Stroke. 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