{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:56:48Z","timestamp":1792789008114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-00516205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00516205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-00516205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00516205"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kongju National University","award":["30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0373nm262","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0373nm262","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by impaired myogenic differentiation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and circadian rhythm disruption, contributing to sarcopenia and muscle atrophy. Hesperetin, a natural flavonoid, has antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects; however, its role in skeletal muscle circadian regulation during aging remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of hesperetin (20 \u00b5M or 100 mg\/kg b.w.) using D-galactose (D-gal, 20 g\/L)-induced senescent C2C12 myotubes, a D-gal (150 mg\/kg b.w., i.p.)-induced aging mouse model, and a dexamethasone (Dex, 20 mg\/kg b.w., i.p.)-induced muscle atrophy model. In D-gal-treated mice, hesperetin improved hanging test performance and increased SDH-positive area, particularly during the active phase. Hesperetin also partially modulated core clock gene expression and mitochondrial function-related gene expression. In D-gal-induced senescent C2C12 myotubes, hesperetin improved myotube formation, reduced SA-\u03b2-gal-positive cells, DCF-DA fluorescence, and MDA levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and improved mitochondrial-associated functional indicators, including ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential-related fluorescence, pMitoTimer-based mitochondrial oxidation-associated signals, and Ppargc1a expression patterns. These findings suggest that hesperetin may protect against experimentally induced skeletal muscle dysfunction by modulating time-dependent gene expression, mitochondrial-related activities, and muscle-related functional markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1789977827000},"page":"1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hesperetin Attenuates Experimentally Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Modulating Time-of-Day-Dependent Gene Expression and Mitochondrial Redox-Related Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Suhyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2235-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9915-y","article-title":"Skeletal muscle: A brief review of structure and function","volume":"96","author":"Frontera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif. 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