{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:07:52Z","timestamp":1790053672349,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":238,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MSIT","award":["RS-2026-25586733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25586733"]}]},{"name":"MSIT","award":["RS-2022-NR070315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR070315"]}]},{"award":["RS-2026-25586733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25586733"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2022-NR070315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR070315"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted process in which specific biomolecules (such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling proteins) act as primary mediators of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Despite growing evidence, the precise interconnected cascades within these neuroinflammatory signaling pathways and their regulatory proteins remain to be fully elucidated, which presents a significant unmet need for targeted therapeutic strategies with clear mechanistic validation. Accordingly, the present review analyzes the impact of neuroinflammation on the pathophysiology of depression in various rodent models. We explore the regulatory mechanisms by which factors such as oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and inflammasome-mediated inflammation affect neurotransmitter synthesis and neuronal integrity. Furthermore, we elucidate the therapeutic potential of synthetic compounds and naturally derived agents targeting these specific molecular pathways. Based on a systematic literature search, this review focuses exclusively on pharmacological agents with clearly defined molecular mechanisms and rigorous depression-associated in vivo validation, thereby providing promising therapeutic strategies for the restoration of neurobiological homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1789977827000},"page":"1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Signaling Pathways in Depression and Neuroinflammation: Focus on New Pathophysiological Proteins and Therapeutic Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hyeong Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Convergence Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Don","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20569","article-title":"The severity of psychiatric disorders","volume":"17","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04548-7","article-title":"Global economic burden of depression in 154 countries from 2025 to 2050","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: From evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30912","article-title":"Association of major depression with rare functional variants in norepinephrine transporter and serotonin1A receptor genes","volume":"150B","author":"Haenisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: Comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-025-00843-0","article-title":"Genomics of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Owen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.019","article-title":"Interplay between the pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems and proinflammatory cytokine levels, in relation to iron metabolism and the erythron in depression","volume":"63","author":"Rybka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Bio Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14720","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and depression: A review","volume":"53","author":"Troubat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouba, B.R., de Araujo Borba, L., Borges de Souza, P., Gil-Mohapel, J., and Rodrigues, A.L.S. (2024). Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13050423"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.11.017","article-title":"Altered neuro-inflammatory gene expression in hippocampus in major depressive disorder","volume":"82","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, S., Wang, H., and Yin, Y. (2022). Microglia Polarization from M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Aging Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.815347"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.11.007","article-title":"Differential microglial activation between acute stress and lipopolysaccharide treatment","volume":"207","author":"Sugama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.02.001","article-title":"Chronic stress alters the density and morphology of microglia in a subset of stress-responsive brain regions","volume":"24","author":"Tynan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608654","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/608654","article-title":"Microglial dysregulation in psychiatric disease","volume":"2013","author":"Frick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.012","article-title":"Sex differences in depressive-like behaviour may relate to imbalance of microglia activation in the hippocampus","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105926","article-title":"Blood brain barrier and inflammation in depression","volume":"175","author":"Beurel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.07.008","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the hippocampus, anxiety-like behavior and decreased locomotory and exploratory activity of adult rats: Effects of sub acute vitamin A supplementation at therapeutic doses","volume":"28","author":"Silvestrin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.06.008","article-title":"Oxidative stress and glutathione response in tissue cultures from persons with major depression","volume":"46","author":"Gibson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"715","article-title":"Increased 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative damage to DNA, in major depression and myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Maes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004","article-title":"A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.95","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"13","author":"Jo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.025","article-title":"Novel roles for caspase-8 in IL-1beta and inflammasome regulation","volume":"185","author":"Gurung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7101.2006","article-title":"Inflammasome components NALP 1 and 3 show distinct but separate expression profiles in human tissues suggesting a site-specific role in the inflammatory response","volume":"55","author":"Kummer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20172222","article-title":"Caspase-1 self-cleavage is an intrinsic mechanism to terminate inflammasome activity","volume":"215","author":"Boucher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EMMM201810248","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201810248","article-title":"Inflammasomes in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Voet","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6329","article-title":"Cutting edge: CIAS1\/cryopyrin\/PYPAF1\/NALP3\/CATERPILLER 1.1 is an inducible inflammatory mediator with NF-kappa B suppressive properties","volume":"171","author":"Harton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01550-7","article-title":"The trigger for pancreatic disease: NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184003","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: A sensor for metabolic danger?","volume":"327","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1831","article-title":"Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.18404","article-title":"Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides Decrease Hyperglycemia-Aggravated Ischemic Brain Injury through Maintaining Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Balance","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.10.003","article-title":"Depression-like behavior, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation presented in diabetic mice are reversed by the administration of 1-methyl-3-(phenylselanyl)-1H-indole","volume":"120","author":"Bampi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.06.002","article-title":"Streptozotocin diabetic mice display depressive-like behavior and alterations in the structure, neurotransmission and plasticity of medial prefrontal cortex interneurons","volume":"116","author":"Coviello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6997","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9617-0","article-title":"Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase\/Kynurenine Pathway as a Potential Pharmacological Target to Treat Depression Associated with Diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.10.011","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is related to depressive-like behavior in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"258","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(90)90339-6","article-title":"Behavior of streptozotocin-diabetic mice in tests of exploration, locomotion, anxiety, depression and aggression","volume":"48","author":"Wozniak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110796","article-title":"Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediates diabetes-induced depression-like behavior via triggering neuroinflammation","volume":"126","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo0001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo0001","article-title":"Shared TIR enzymatic functions regulate cell death and immunity across the tree of life","volume":"377","author":"Essuman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115760","article-title":"SARM1 deficiency promotes depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation through JNK\/STING\/TBK1 signaling","volume":"168","author":"Mou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2022.0139","article-title":"Functions of Peroxiredoxins and Their Roles in Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Sign"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2025.01.009","article-title":"Dynamic PRDX S-acylation modulates ROS stress and signaling","volume":"32","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71231","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71231","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide Upregulates Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress Responses, and Peroxiredoxins in Depression Models","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-37970-8_2","article-title":"Major depression and activation of the inflammatory response system","volume":"461","author":"Maes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00429-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress","volume":"53","author":"Tsigos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000026615","article-title":"Cerebrospinal cytokine levels in patients with acute depression","volume":"40","author":"Levine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3570593","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: Structure, function and inhibition","volume":"357","author":"Alderton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2214","article-title":"Nitric oxide in the central nervous system: Neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.10.042","article-title":"iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation","volume":"75","author":"Aktan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.03.025","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and sildenafil against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice","volume":"268","author":"Tomaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149197","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates neuroinflammation by enhancing GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense in microglia","volume":"1845","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(89)90019-1","article-title":"Isozymes of the Na+\/K+-ATPase","volume":"988","author":"Sweadner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.05.003","article-title":"Na+\/K+ ATPase regulates the expression and localization of acetylcholine receptors in a pump activity-independent manner","volume":"38","author":"Doi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00774-6","article-title":"Relevance of Na,K-ATPase to local extracellular potassium homeostasis and modulation of synaptic transmission","volume":"412","author":"Gloor","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00850-X","article-title":"Influence of age on nitric oxide modulatory action on Na, K-ATPase activity through cyclic GMP pathway in proximal rat trachea","volume":"388","author":"Scavone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.08.013","article-title":"Age-related changes in cyclic GMP and PKG-stimulated cerebellar Na,K-ATPase activity","volume":"26","author":"Scavone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421182112","article-title":"Na, K-ATPase \u03b13 is a death target of Alzheimer patient amyloid-\u03b2 assembly","volume":"112","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4464-06.2007","article-title":"Deficiency in Na,K-ATPase alpha isoform genes alters spatial learning, motor activity, and anxiety in mice","volume":"27","author":"Moseley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2011.00691.x","article-title":"Decreased neuronal Na+, K+ -ATPase activity in Atp1a3 heterozygous mice increases susceptibility to depression-like endophenotypes by chronic variable stress","volume":"10","author":"Kirshenbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes. Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.09.037","article-title":"Repeated Restraint Stress Decreases Na,K-ATPase Activity via Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage in the Frontal Cortex of Rats","volume":"393","author":"Novaes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-025-04447-2","article-title":"Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Hesperidin and Quercetin Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress, Enzyme Activities, Trophic Factors, and Monoamines in an Animal Model of Depression","volume":"50","author":"Mohammed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Liu, X., and Huang, H. (2015). Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Reserpine Adsorption onto Strong Acidic Cationic Exchange Fiber. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138619"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.R., Park, B.K., Seo, C.S., Kim, N.S., and Lee, M.Y. (2021). Antidepressant and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of the Stem Bark Extract of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Its Components in a Mouse Model of Depressive-Like Disorder Induced by Reserpine Administration. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.650833"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2022.173434","article-title":"Depressive-like behavior accompanies neuroinflammation in an animal model of bipolar disorder symptoms induced by ouabain","volume":"219","author":"Valvassori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00050.2006","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress: Signaling the unfolded protein response","volume":"22","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.03.025","article-title":"Reshaping endoplasmic reticulum quality control through the unfolded protein response","volume":"82","author":"Wiseman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"4774","article-title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in depression (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00560-8","article-title":"The aftermath of the interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and redox signaling","volume":"53","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2005.06.033","article-title":"Modulating sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity: Cell biological implications","volume":"38","author":"Vangheluwe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, K., Guo, C., Ruan, J., Ning, B., Wong, C.K., Shi, H., and Gu, J. (2023). Cadmium Disrupted ER Ca2+ Homeostasis by Inhibiting SERCA2 Expression and Activity to Induce Apoptosis in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065979"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31293-7","article-title":"Pharmacological activation of SERCA2 reverses ER calcium dysregulation and depression-like behaviors in hyperglycemic mice","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00307-z","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: A potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Khalaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albanese, A., Ludolph, A.C., McDermott, C.J., Corcia, P., Van Damme, P., Van den Berg, L.H., Hardiman, O., Rinaldi, G., Vanacore, N., and Dickie, B. (2022). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The TUDCA-ALS trial protocol. Front. Neurol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1009113"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104154","article-title":"Synaptojanin-2-binding protein ameliorates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors via SYNJ2\/PIP2\/IP3 signaling pathway","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27239","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.43.27239","article-title":"Synaptojanin forms two separate complexes in the nerve terminal. Interactions with endophilin and amphiphysin","volume":"272","author":"Micheva","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04389-0","article-title":"Overexpression of endophilin A1 exacerbates synaptic alterations in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111023","article-title":"The role of EndophilinA1 in chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression model mice","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202007172","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202007172","article-title":"Endophilin A1 drives acute structural plasticity of dendritic spines in response to Ca2+\/calmodulin","volume":"220","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.12.014","article-title":"Increased plasma peroxides and serum oxidized low density lipoprotein antibodies in major depression: Markers that further explain the higher incidence of neurodegeneration and coronary artery disease","volume":"125","author":"Maes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00164-6","article-title":"Elevated plasma nitrate levels in depressive states","volume":"63","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2011.02.002","article-title":"Nitric oxide and major depression","volume":"24","author":"Dhir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000805","article-title":"Decreased levels of glutathione, the major brain antioxidant, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients with psychiatric disorders","volume":"14","author":"Gawryluk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31461-4","article-title":"The tetracyclines","volume":"66","author":"Cunha","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.02.025","article-title":"Doxycycline protects against pilocarpine-induced convulsions in rats, through its antioxidant effect and modulation of brain amino acids","volume":"98","author":"Nogueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15769","article-title":"Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia","volume":"95","author":"Yrjanheikki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.06.008","article-title":"Effects of doxycycline on depressive-like behavior in mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration","volume":"47","author":"Mello","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28556","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.256180","article-title":"Curcumin modulates nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated inflammation in human tenocytes in vitro: Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"286","author":"Buhrmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"3185","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits proliferation of colorectal carcinoma by modulating Akt\/mTOR signaling","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46401-5_3","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin","volume":"595","author":"Menon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.12.007","article-title":"Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review","volume":"78","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2009.137","article-title":"Potentials of Curcumin as an Antidepressant","volume":"9","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.08.018","article-title":"The effects of curcumin on depressive-like behavior in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Piperine Augments the Protective Effect of Curcumin Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Deficits in Mice","volume":"39","author":"Jangra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.12.071","article-title":"Clinical Use of Curcumin in Depression: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1653260","article-title":"Curcumin for depression: A meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Vozza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, J., Pi, C., Shen, H., Zhou, B., Wei, Y., Dechsupa, N., and Zhao, L. (2025). Potential therapeutic benefits of curcumin in depression or anxiety induced by chronic diseases: A systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1638645"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174384","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of curcumin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in a rat model of depression","volume":"908","author":"Khadrawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.158","article-title":"The efficacy and acceptability of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"282","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musazadeh, V., Faghfouri, A.H., Falahatzadeh, M., Mahmoudinezhad, M., Alizadeh, M., and Shidfar, F. (Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 2026). Efficacy of curcumin in depression: A grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, in press.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-026-00676-z"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"126","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations on mangiferin","volume":"55","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Herba Pol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(12)70879-4","article-title":"Mangiferin ameliorates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in ketamine model of schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2013-0090","article-title":"Mangiferin mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"91","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573(200102)15:1<18::AID-PTR676>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang)","volume":"15","author":"Garrido","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.015","article-title":"Mangiferin exerts hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine induced acute toxicity and oxidative\/nitrosative stress via Nrf2-NFkappaB pathways","volume":"260","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"443","article-title":"Antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-HIV effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone","volume":"42","author":"Guha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.859","article-title":"Evaluation of the antidiabetic action of Mangifera indica in mice","volume":"15","author":"Aderibigbe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00609562","article-title":"Monoamine oxidase-inhibiting activity of mangiferin isolated from Canscora decussata","volume":"59","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1972","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.07.031","article-title":"Protective effect of mangiferin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviour in mice","volume":"740","author":"Jangra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000305","article-title":"Mangiferin inhibits hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome and exerts antidepressant effects in a chronic mild stress mice model","volume":"28","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, M., Bo, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Liao, Y., Zhang, H., Cheng, Y., Guo, J., and Cheng, J. (2022). Mangiferin Alleviates Postpartum Depression-Like Behaviors by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling in Microglia. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.840567"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellote-Caballero, Y., Beltran-Arranz, A., Aibar-Almazan, A., Carcelen-Fraile, M.D.C., Rivas-Campo, Y., Lopez-Rios, L., Vega-Morales, T., and Gonzalez-Martin, A.M. (2025). Acute Supplementation of Soluble Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite((R)) S) Improves Mental Performance and Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18040571"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.02.036","article-title":"Etazolate improves performance in a foraging and homing task in aged rats","volume":"634","author":"Drott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795256053","article-title":"EHT0202 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A 3-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"8","author":"Vellas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711000836","article-title":"The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram reverses Abeta-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses in rats","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"444","article-title":"Anxiolytic-like effect of etazolate, a type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor in experimental models of anxiety","volume":"51","author":"Ankur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.05.004","article-title":"Beneficial effect of etazolate on depression-like behavior and, learning, and memory impairment in a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"350","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.008","article-title":"Etazolate abrogates the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced downregulation of the cAMP\/pCREB\/BDNF signaling, neuroinflammatory response and depressive-like behavior in mice","volume":"263","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.10.012","article-title":"Evaluating the protective effect of etazolate on memory impairment, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by post traumatic stress disorder","volume":"135","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.11.027","article-title":"Effect of Etazolate upon Cuprizone-induced Demyelination In Vivo: Behavioral and Myelin Gene Analysis","volume":"455","author":"Carrete","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.344","article-title":"Selenium-containing indolyl compounds: Kinetics of reaction with inflammation-associated oxidants and protective effect against oxidation of extracellular matrix proteins","volume":"113","author":"Casaril","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingues, M., Casaril, A.M., Birmann, P.T., Lourenco, D.A., Vieira, B., Begnini, K., Lenardao, E.J., Collares, T., Seixas, F.K., and Savegnago, L. (2018). Selanylimidazopyridine Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice by Targeting Neurotrophins and Inflammatory\/Oxidative Mediators. Front. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00486"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.03.021","article-title":"Effects of a selanylimidazopyridine on the acute restraint stress-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and biological changes in mice","volume":"366","author":"Domingues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.02.041","article-title":"Antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antigenotoxic, and hepatic ameliorative effects of L-carnitine and selenium on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and alterations in liver cell structure in male mice","volume":"173","author":"Hamza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.11.021","article-title":"A multifunctional compound ebselen reverses memory impairment, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Martini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5770-09.2010","article-title":"Fenretinide promotes functional recovery and tissue protection after spinal cord contusion injury in mice","volume":"30","author":"Redensek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116632920","article-title":"Fenretinide: A Potential Treatment for Endometriosis","volume":"23","author":"Pavone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.11.029","article-title":"The involvement of M2 macrophage polarization inhibition in fenretinide-mediated chemopreventive effects on colon cancer","volume":"388","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109680","article-title":"Fenretinide attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) and depressive-like behavior in mice by targeting Nrf-2 signaling","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.04.002","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 as a neuroprotective agent: A review","volume":"125","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.04.009","article-title":"Involvement of serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of ginsenoside Rb1, a major active ingredient of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.257536","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammatory injury induced by intranigral lipopolysaccharide injection","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135561","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts antidepressant-like effects via suppression inflammation and activation of AKT pathway","volume":"744","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30001","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates microglia activation to improve spinal cord injury via microRNA-130b-5p\/TLR4\/NF-kappaB axis","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02185-0","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 induces a pro-neurogenic microglial phenotype via PPARgamma activation in male mice exposed to chronic mild stress","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-9750(02)00003-4","article-title":"Applications of natural silk protein sericin in biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.62.145","article-title":"Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity","volume":"62","author":"Kato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.65.2181","article-title":"Supplemental silk protein, sericin, suppresses colon tumorigenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice by reducing oxidative stress and cell proliferation","volume":"65","author":"Zhaorigetu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.018","article-title":"Silk sericin loaded alginate nanoparticles: Preparation and anti-inflammatory efficacy","volume":"80","author":"Khampieng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43535","DOI":"10.1002\/app.43535","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, electrical and antibacterial properties of sericin\/poly(vinyl alcohol)\/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composites","volume":"133","author":"Ramesan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70243","article-title":"The effects of sericin cream on wound healing in rats","volume":"71","author":"Aramwit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"197","article-title":"Sericin can reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by activating the Akt signal transduction pathway in a rat model of diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deori, M., Devi, D., Kumari, S., Hazarika, A., Kalita, H., Sarma, R., and Devi, R. (2016). Antioxidant Effect of Sericin in Brain and Peripheral Tissues of Oxidative Stress Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Front. Pharmacol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00319"},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"1000163","article-title":"Silk protein, sericin as a cognitive enhancer in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Yellamma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Park."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.03.020","article-title":"Sericin alleviates restraint stress induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus","volume":"1715","author":"Torbati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.02.002","article-title":"Relations among posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbid major depression, and HPA function: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, X., and Pang, T.Y. (2015). Is Dysregulation of the HPA-Axis a Core Pathophysiology Mediating Co-Morbid Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases?. Front. Psychiatry, 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00032"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.120","article-title":"HPA axis in major depression: Cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition","volume":"22","author":"Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.10.029","article-title":"Edaravone abrogates LPS-induced behavioral anomalies, neuroinflammation and PARP-1","volume":"154","author":"Sriram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13392","article-title":"Clinical effects and safety of edaravone in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.17-62","article-title":"How is edaravone effective against acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?","volume":"62","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.011","article-title":"Edaravone: A new drug approved for ALS","volume":"171","author":"Rothstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"2437","article-title":"Protective effect of edaravone on blood-brain barrier by affecting NRF-2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0344-5","article-title":"Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Edaravone Abrogate Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Behavioral Deficits: Implication of Oxido-Nitrosative, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cascade, and Neuroinflammation","volume":"37","author":"Jangra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114689","article-title":"Edaravone presents antidepressant-like activity in corticosterone model of depression in mice with possible role of Fkbp5, Comt, Adora1 and Slc6a15 genes","volume":"380","author":"Herbet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02400-6","article-title":"Edaravone ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors via Sirt1\/Nrf2\/HO-1\/Gpx4 pathway","volume":"19","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.026","article-title":"Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 knockdown exacerbates aging-related neuroinflammation and cognitive deficiency in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8811-9","article-title":"TYROBP in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.032","article-title":"Anti-depression effects of ketogenic diet are mediated via the restoration of microglial activation and neuronal excitability in the lateral habenula","volume":"88","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0197-5","article-title":"TREM2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Jay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506382102","article-title":"Receptor-mediated glutamate release from volume sensitive channels in astrocytes","volume":"102","author":"Takano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9064","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2204-16.2017","article-title":"Contribution of Astroglial Cx43 Hemichannels to the Modulation of Glutamatergic Currents by D-Serine in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"37","author":"Meunier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112951","article-title":"Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of fuzi-ganjiang herb pair against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"261","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.117","article-title":"The protective effects of compatibility of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Zingiberis Rhizoma on rats with heart failure by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis via Sirt1\/PGC-1alpha pathway","volume":"92","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2007.0088","article-title":"Cancer-related fatigue. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"5","author":"Mock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.127","article-title":"Cancer-related fatigue\u2014Mechanisms, risk factors, and treatments","volume":"11","author":"Bower","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Yang, Y., Chen, C., Wang, H., Ai, Q., Lin, M., Zeng, Q., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., and Li, X. (2021). The Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of Fuzi and Ganjiang Extraction on LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia and Its Intervention Function on Depression-Like Behavior of Cancer-Related Fatigue Model Mice. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.670586"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2252-1","article-title":"Identification of antidepressant-like ingredients in ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: Participation of 5-HT2A receptors","volume":"216","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12169","article-title":"Effect of Korean Red Ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for women with residual symptoms of major depression","volume":"7","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. Psychiat"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.019","article-title":"Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: From pharmacology to toxicology","volume":"107","author":"Mancuso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.01.020","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginseng saponins in activated microglia","volume":"209","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.2.291","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of ginseng total saponins in experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Ji","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7696","article-title":"Total saponins of Panax ginseng via the CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 axis attenuates neuroinflammation and exerted antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress in rats","volume":"37","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"1462","article-title":"The effect of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) on the metabolic syndrome: Narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Yahyazadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"279","article-title":"Antidepressant activity of cardamom oil by marble burying test in rats","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Der Pharm. Lett."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"401","article-title":"Pharmacological screening and effect of Elettaria cardamomum extract on depression-like behaviour in rat model","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharma Innov. J."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.18311\/jnr\/2021\/27128","article-title":"Effects of Aqueous Extract of Tulsi and Cardamom on Elderly Depressive Subjects\u2014A Preliminary Clinical Study","volume":"21","author":"Suresh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Remedies"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666191216160546","article-title":"Effects of Perinatal Cardamom Exposure on Social Behavior, Anxiety, Locomotor Activity, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Brain Acetylcholinesterase of Mice Offspring","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auti, S.T., and Kulkarni, Y.A. (2019). Neuroprotective Effect of Cardamom Oil Against Aluminum Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Front. Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00399"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, D.W., Kim, H., Park, J.Y., Kim, J.E., Moon, J.Y., Park, S.D., and Park, W.H. (2016). Amomum cardamomum L. ethyl acetate fraction protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury via an antioxidant mechanism in rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1121-1"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.116","article-title":"The effect of Elettaria cardamomum extract on anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"87","author":"Mahmoudvand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutlu-Ingok, A., and Karbancioglu-Guler, F. (2017). Cardamom, Cumin, and Dill Weed Essential Oils: Chemical Compositions, Antimicrobial Activities, and Mechanisms of Action against Campylobacter spp.. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071191"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas Garza, G.R., Elizondo Lu\u00e9vano, J.H., Bazald\u00faa Rodr\u00edguez, A.F., Ch\u00e1vez Montes, A., P\u00e9rez Hern\u00e1ndez, R.A., Mart\u00ednez Delgado, A.J., L\u00f3pez Villarreal, S.M., Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez, J., S\u00e1nchez Casas, R.M., and Castillo Vel\u00e1zquez, U. (2021). Benefits of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091908"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116254","article-title":"Cardamom oil ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological disorders in a rat model of depression induced by reserpine","volume":"308","author":"Saleh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03178-2","article-title":"Scutellarin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.03.021","article-title":"Scutellarin protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction and prevents atherosclerosis via antioxidation","volume":"42","author":"Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18131","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28446","article-title":"Scutellarin exerts protective effects against atherosclerosis in rats by regulating the Hippo-FOXO3A and PI3K\/AKT signaling pathways","volume":"234","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153169","article-title":"Scutellarin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7106","article-title":"Scutellarin ameliorates the stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice by regulating neurotransmitters","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adeloye, D. (2014). An estimate of the incidence and prevalence of stroke in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100724"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00114-9","article-title":"Neuroprotection in acute stroke: Targeting excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Chamorro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.3590","article-title":"Brain-immune interactions and ischemic stroke: Clinical implications","volume":"69","author":"Kamel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03021-8","article-title":"Oxygen glucose deprivation\/re-oxygenation-induced neuronal cell death is associated with Lnc-D63785 m6A methylation and miR-422a accumulation","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"e2761","article-title":"Mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"13","author":"Chiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5607\/en23017","article-title":"Global Cerebral Ischemia-induced Depression Accompanies Alteration of Neuronal Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex Layer 2\/3 Pyramidal Neurons","volume":"32","author":"Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175979","article-title":"Scutellarin attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury through PI3K\/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathways","volume":"957","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.243","article-title":"Saikosaponin-d impedes hippocampal neurogenesis and causes cognitive deficits by inhibiting the survival of neural stem\/progenitor cells via neurotrophin receptor signaling in mice","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0898-0","article-title":"Saikosaponin B2 Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Through IKK\/I\u03baB\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Inactivation in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116557","article-title":"Saikosaponin b2 enhances the hepatotargeting effect of anticancer drugs through inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated drug transporters","volume":"231","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000095","article-title":"Antiviral effect of saikosaponin B2 in combination with daclatasvir on NS5A resistance-associated substitutions of hepatitis C virus","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116729","article-title":"Saikosaponin B2 ameliorates depression-induced microglia activation by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation and ER stress","volume":"316","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107452","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153091","article-title":"Total Glucosides of Paeony protects against collagen-induced mouse arthritis via inhibiting follicular helper T cell differentiation","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Zhao, X., Wei, S., Ma, X., Liu, H., Li, J., Jing, M., Wang, M., and Zhao, Y. (2021). Mechanism of Paeoniflorin on ANIT-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Using Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.737630"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29210","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA05384G","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of total glycosides from paeonies against neurotoxicity induced by strychnos alkaloids related to recovering the levels of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones in rat serum and brain","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155519","article-title":"Total paeony glycoside relieves neuroinflammation to exert antidepressant effect via the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and autophagy","volume":"128","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Tayarani-Najaran, N., and Eghbali, S. (2021). A Review of Auraptene as an Anticancer Agent. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.698352"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Yan, K.J., Windler, D., Tubbs, J., Grand, R., Li, B.D.L., Aldaz, C.M., McLarty, J., and Kleiner-Hancock, H.E. (2009). Citrus auraptene suppresses cyclin D1 and significantly delays N-methyl nitrosourea induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Cancer, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-259"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-022-00189-1","article-title":"Possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the antidepressant activity of Auraptene in mice","volume":"18","author":"Maghsoudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2874","article-title":"Auraptene from Ferula szowitsiana protects human peripheral lymphocytes against oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Soltani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112330","article-title":"Auraptene-ameliorating depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation mediated by microglia","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02649-0","article-title":"The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi","volume":"204","author":"Furmanek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mun, S.K., Kang, K.Y., Jang, H.Y., Hwang, Y.H., Hong, S.G., Kim, S.J., Cho, H.W., Chang, D.J., Hur, J.S., and Yee, S.T. (2020). Atraric Acid Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Mouse Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197070"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157261","article-title":"Atraric acid attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced brain injury via AMPK-mediated Nrf2 and FoxO3a antioxidant pathway activation","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157560","article-title":"Atraric acid and atranorin inhibit breast cancer energy metabolism and immune evasion through PI3K\/AKT\/Bcl-xL","volume":"149","author":"Pulat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8070","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO01844C","article-title":"Aloe polysaccharides ameliorate obesity-associated cognitive dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"15","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.08.010","article-title":"The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.003","article-title":"STAT3 signaling promotes cardiac injury by upregulating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in high-fat-diet fed mice","volume":"201","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05525-w","article-title":"Atraric Acid Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Activating Autophagy to Alleviate Brain Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas-Gonzalez, A., Figueroa-Hernandez, C.Y., Gonzalez-Rios, O., Suarez-Quiroz, M.L., Gonzalez-Amaro, R.M., Hernandez-Estrada, Z.J., and Rayas-Duarte, P. (2022). Coffee Chlorogenic Acids Incorporation for Bioactivity Enhancement of Foods: A Review. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113400"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116003","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in human keratinocytes via activating Nrf2\/HO-1 and inhibiting MAPK\/NF-kappaB\/NLRP3 pathways","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1021\/jf073168d","article-title":"5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid down-regulate the oxidative stress- and TNF-alpha-induced secretion of interleukin-8 from Caco-2 cells","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000146","article-title":"Cognitive and neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid","volume":"20","author":"Heitman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.112199","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via the PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"137","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.001","article-title":"Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"167","author":"Lopresti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.047","article-title":"Efficacy of curcumin, and a saffron\/curcumin combination for the treatment of major depression: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"207","author":"Lopresti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1611","article-title":"Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depression, depressive symptoms, and adverse effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Kohler","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2230367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30367","article-title":"Effect of Minocycline on Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"5","author":"Clemens","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00948-6","article-title":"Augmentation therapy with minocycline in treatment-resistant depression patients with low-grade peripheral inflammation: Results from a double-blind randomised clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Nettis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapsychiatry.4","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab for treatment-resistant depression: The role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers","volume":"70","author":"Raison","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.015","article-title":"Markers of central inflammation in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography and post-mortem brain tissue","volume":"81","author":"Enache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2025.578587","article-title":"Peripheral and central inflammation in depression: How large is the gap and can we bridge it with PET neuroimaging and neural-derived extracellular vesicles?","volume":"403","author":"Llach","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05719-w","article-title":"Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients Carry miRNAs Driving a Neuroinflammatory Response","volume":"63","author":"Arbaciauskaite","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17748786","article-title":"Sifting through the surfeit of neuroinflammation tracers","volume":"38","author":"Cumming","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536012118792317","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012118792317","article-title":"Emerging PET Radiotracers and Targets for Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Outlook Beyond TSPO","volume":"17","author":"Narayanaswami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggerstorfer, B., Kim, J.H., Cumming, P., Lanzenberger, R., and Gryglewski, G. (2022). Meta-analysis of molecular imaging of translocator protein in major depression. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.981442"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tronel, C., Largeau, B., Santiago Ribeiro, M.J., Guilloteau, D., Dupont, A.C., and Arlicot, N. (2017). Molecular Targets for PET Imaging of Activated Microglia: The Current Situation and Future Expectations. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040802"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190722114248","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Microglia Phenotypes: Developmental, Functional and Some Therapeutic Considerations","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379","article-title":"Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders","volume":"167","author":"Insel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0174-4","article-title":"Immunoneuropsychiatry\u2014Novel perspectives on brain disorders","volume":"15","author":"Pape","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20241115","article-title":"Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Treatment on Depressive Symptom Severity and Anhedonia in Depressed Individuals with Elevated Inflammation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"183","author":"Madison","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/9\/1195\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:40:19Z","timestamp":1790052019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/9\/1195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":238,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15091195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15091195","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}