{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:07:48Z","timestamp":1789981668843,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022B02042-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B02042-4"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["XJARS-11-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJARS-11-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to explore the combined regulatory effects of probiotics combined with bioactive compounds on intestinal immunity and mucosal barrier function. Methods: Fifty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male Kunming mice (5\u20136 weeks old, weighing 20 \u00b1 2 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10 per group): blank control (C), lipopolysaccharide-induced model (LPS), probiotic (PB), antioxidant (AO), and combined treatment (PB\/AO). The C and LPS groups received daily oral gavage of 0.5 mL sterile 0.9% saline. The PB group received a daily gavage of 1 \u00d7 108 CFU\/mL Pediococcus acidilactici lindner and Lactobacillus plantarum. The AO group was administered a daily gavage of berberine (30 mg\/kg BW), wogonin (30 mg\/kg BW), and sodium butyrate (200 mg\/kg BW). The PB\/AO group received a daily gavage combining the probiotic mixture (1 \u00d7 108 CFU\/mL) with the plant extracts (30 mg\/kg BW berberine, 30 mg\/kg BW wogonin, and 200 mg\/kg BW sodium butyrate). Following a 14-day preventive intervention, all groups except C were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to induce inflammation. Indices of visceral organs, serum antioxidant and immune parameters, ileal histomorphology, gut microbiota composition, and the expression of key barrier- and inflammation-related genes were comprehensively evaluated. Results: LPS exposure increased liver and spleen coefficients. PB\/AO treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced elevation of liver coefficient to a level comparable to that of the C group; however, no significant improvement in spleen coefficient was observed. In terms of antioxidant and immune indices, all intervention groups increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC to varying degrees, and decreased the levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and DAO), with the PB\/AO group showing the most significant improvement (p &lt; 0.01). Ileal microbiome analysis showed that PB\/AO treatment enriched Firmicutes, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus but decreased Proteobacteria, with Clostridia as signature taxa. Mechanistically, PB\/AO suppressed the transcription of NF-\u03baB pathway-related genes (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-\u03baB) and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin), thereby strengthening the intestinal barrier. Conclusions: In conclusion, co-administration of microbial probiotics and antioxidants achieves optimal protection against LPS-induced intestinal inflammation by jointly driving anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses, modulating gut microbiota, and reinforcing barrier integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1789977827000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Probiotics and Antioxidants Attenuate LPS-Induced Acute Intestinal Inflammation via Multi-Pathway Regulation in a Preventive Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6046-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jishan","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kailibinuer","family":"Abudukaiyoumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yuanyang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tongjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.59249\/JOMF5336","article-title":"Bowel Inflammation and Nutrient Supplementation: Effects of a Fixed Combination of Probiotics, Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in an In Vitro Model of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction","volume":"97","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Yale J. 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