{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:06:26Z","timestamp":1789988786028,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"F\u0131rat University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit","award":["SDMYO.26.04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDMYO.26.04"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05teb7b63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["SDMYO.26.04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDMYO.26.04"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05teb7b63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silkworm-rearing residues are an underused biomass resource that can be converted into value-added products. In this study, a condensable liquid product (SWP-Liq) was produced from these residues by pyrolysis at 325 \u00b1 5 \u00b0C and evaluated for its chemical composition and in vitro biological activities. SWP-Liq yielded phenolic-, flavonoid-, and triterpenoid-equivalent values of 218.47 \u00b1 22.40 mg GAE\/g, 79.13 \u00b1 3.55 mg QE\/g, and 55.54 \u00b1 6.15 mg EE\/g, respectively. The ABTS\u2022+ assay showed a higher radical-scavenging response than DPPH, while Fe3+- and Cu2+-reducing activities were also observed. SWP-Liq inhibited 5-LOX with an IC50 of 33.05 \u00b1 1.10 \u00b5g\/mL, whereas \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition was weaker. Antibacterial activity against all four tested bacterial species was observed at 8 mg\/mL but not at 4 mg\/mL. Targeted LC\u2013MS\/MS quantified five phenolic constituents, with p-coumaric acid (1599.71 \u00b5g\/g), chlorogenic acid (871.43 \u00b5g\/g), and ferulic acid (285.50 \u00b5g\/g) being the most abundant. Overall, these findings support the further investigation of silkworm feeding waste as a feedstock for thermochemical valorization into chemically and biologically evaluable bio-based fractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15091213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:25:43Z","timestamp":1789986343000},"page":"1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermochemical Valorization of Silkworm Feeding Waste: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of the Pyrolysis-Derived Liquid Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Halil","family":"Karan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parks and Garden Plants, Keban Vocational School, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5801-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aybeniz","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 32119, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u0131rat","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane 29100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130nan\u00e7","family":"\u00d6zgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1643-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ercan","family":"Aydo\u011fmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulkadir","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gumushane University, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane 29100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.07.176","article-title":"Food waste biorefinery: Sustainable strategy for circular bioeconomy","volume":"248","author":"Dahiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. 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