{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:42:05Z","timestamp":1790811725919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007297","name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Initiative Grant Schemes (RIGS 16-294-0458)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Initiative Grant Schemes (RIGS 16-294-0458)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the present study was to investigate the antiradical and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves. Hence, crude methanolic leaves extract and its resultant fractions, namely hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol were evaluated for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. The active constituents were tentatively identified through LC-QTOF-MS\/MS and molecular docking approaches. The n-butanol fraction of A. bilimbi crude methanolic leaves extract displayed significant DPPH radical scavenging effect with IC50 (4.14 \u00b1 0.21 \u03bcg\/mL) (p &lt; 0.05), as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with IC50 (64.84 \u00b1 3.93 \u03bcg\/mL) (p &lt; 0.05). Afzelechin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside and cucumerin A were tentatively identified as possible metabolites that contribute to the antioxidant activity of the n-butanol fraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7100137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T10:44:53Z","timestamp":1538995493000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Antiradical and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity Evaluations of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Leaves and Tentative Identification of Bioactive Constituents through LC-QTOF-MS\/MS and Molecular Docking Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qamar Uddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang DM, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhassan Muhammad","family":"Alhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang DM, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfi","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang DM, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8142-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Adnan Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Mahmudul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang DM, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0752-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murni Nazira","family":"Sarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang DM, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761264","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/761264","article-title":"Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: The interplay","volume":"2014","author":"Rahal","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. 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