{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:24:26Z","timestamp":1792045466478,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the current study is to characterize the bean varieties produced in the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) with the purpose of selecting varieties with the potential of being biofortified with micronutrients. Eleven bean varieties representative of the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) were harvested, the color was characterized and the physicochemical analysis, mineral content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and bioactive compounds were determined. Data obtained were subjected to a variance analysis for the difference between the means of the bean varieties studied through the 95% Tukey test. The results obtained show the significant difference was found among the 11 bean varieties harvested in Oaxaca (M\u00e9xico). The analysis found five outstanding varieties with a larger quantity of favorable characteristics on the iron, zinc, protein content, antioxidant capacity and reducing power. The outstanding varieties relating Fe and Zn content were Michigan for Fe 67.4 ppm, Sangre de Toro 62.4 ppm, which showed the larger content of antioxidant capacity (82.12%) scavenging activity and Biche for Zn 34.7 ppm. The variety with a larger quantity of protein (26.66%) was Biche bean, followed by the Peruano bean with 24.91% of protein. The variety with larger content of reducing power 0.16% was Blanco Michigan bean. Lastly, it is also remarkable that such outstanding bean varieties are important to include in a biofortification program with micro-nutrients to improve the food safety and the nutrition in vulnerable communities of the urban and rural sector of Oaxaca (Mexico).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T02:22:23Z","timestamp":1547778143000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Bioactive Compounds, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Bean Varieties Grown with Traditional Methods in Oaxaca, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Karen Vanesa","family":"Armend\u00e1riz-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Camargo, Campus Meoqui, Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza y Manuel Ojinaga. Cd. Meoqui, Chihuahua C.P 33130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibeth Marlene","family":"Herrera-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Camargo, Campus Meoqui, Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza y Manuel Ojinaga. Cd. Meoqui, Chihuahua C.P 33130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo A. C., Avenida Cuarta Sur No. 3820 Fraccionamiento Vencedores del desierto. Delicias, Chihuahua C.P 33089, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo A. C., Avenida Cuarta Sur No. 3820 Fraccionamiento Vencedores del desierto. Delicias, Chihuahua C.P 33089, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"103472","article-title":"The malnutrition of obesity: Micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes","volume":"2013","author":"Via","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Sch. Res. Netw. (ISRN Endocrinol.)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shivran, A.C. (2016). Biofortification for Nutrient-Rich Millets. Biofortification of Food Crops, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2716-8_30"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica (2018, July 15). Oaxaca Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrici\u00f3n, Resultados por Entidad Federativa. Available online: https:\/\/www.insp.mx\/produccion-editorial\/novedades-editoriales\/3057-ensanut2012-resultados-entidad-federativa.html."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"159","article-title":"Calidad alimentaria y potencial nutrac\u00e9utico del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"28","author":"Loarca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agric. T\u00e9c. M\u00e9x."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"42","article-title":"Study of in vitro antioxidant capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (frijol) by microwave assisted extraction","volume":"21","author":"Rojano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Cubana Plant. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.07.029","article-title":"The antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of phenolics of raw and dry heated moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) (Jacq.) Marechal seed extracts","volume":"99","author":"Siddhuraju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Evaluation of culinary quality and antioxidant capacity for Mexican common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in pilot plant","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Aguirre-Santos, E.A., and G\u00f3mez-Aldapa, C.A. (2010, May 28). Evaluaci\u00f3n de las Caracter\u00edsticas Fisicoqu\u00edmicas en la Especie de Frijol Phaseolus Vulgaris De Las Variedades; Pinto Saltillo, Bayo Victoria Y Negro San Luis. Available online: https:\/\/www.uaeh.edu.mx\/investigacion\/icbi\/LI_FisicAlim\/Carlos_Aldapa\/4.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"669","article-title":"Aluyori, nueva variedad de frijol blanco (alubia) para Sinaloa y el Baj\u00edo, M\u00e9xico","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agr\u00edc."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"11","article-title":"Estudio del rendimiento de cultivares de frijol caup\u00ed (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en diferentes \u00e9pocas de siembra en Camajuan\u00ed, Cuba","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Cienc. Tecnol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"L\u00e9piz, I.R., S\u00e1nchez, P.S., L\u00f3pez, A.E., L\u00f3pez, A.J.J., Chavar\u00edn, E.I.E., and Meza, V.K.E. (2015). El Cultivo de Frijol en Jalisco Tecnolog\u00eda para Altos Rendimientos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Acosta, J.A., Jim\u00e9nez, Y., Anaya, J.L., Montero, V., and Guerrero, B.Z. (2018). Variedades de frijol y producci\u00f3n de semilla en Guanajuato."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"NMX-F-066-S-1978 (2018, July 15). Alimentos. Determinaci\u00f3n de cenizas en alimentos. Normas Mexicanas. Direcci\u00f3n General de Normas. Available online: http:\/\/www.colpos.mx\/bancodenormas\/nmexicanas\/NMX-F-066-S-1978.PDF."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"NMX-F-427-1982 (2018, July 15). Alimentos. Determinaci\u00f3n de Grasa (M\u00e9todo de Hidr\u00f3lisis \u00c1cida). Normas Mexicanas. Direcci\u00f3n General de Normas. Available online: http:\/\/www.colpos.mx\/bancodenormas\/nmexicanas\/NMX-F-427-1982.PDF."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC International. [17th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"NMX-F-090-S-1978 (2018, July 16). Determinaci\u00f3n de Fibra Cruda en Alimentos. Direcci\u00f3n General de Normas. Available online: https:\/\/www.colpos.mx\/bancodenormas\/nmexicanas\/NMX-F-090-S-1978.PDF."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"161","article-title":"Comparaci\u00f3n de m\u00e9todos de determinaci\u00f3n de nitr\u00f3geno y azufre en planta: Implicancia en el diagn\u00f3stico de azufre en trigo","volume":"26","author":"Calvo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cienc. Suelo"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2010, April 05). NOM-051-SCFI\/SSA1-2010, Especificaciones Generales de Etiquetado Para Alimentos Y Bebidas No Alcoh\u00f3licas Preenvasados-Informaci\u00f3n Comercial y Sanitaria. Available online: http:\/\/dof.gob.mx\/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5137518&fecha=05\/04\/2010."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(03)00053-0","article-title":"Chemical composition, physical properties, and antioxidant activities of yam flours as affected by different drying methods","volume":"83","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1985.36.1.50","article-title":"Caftaric acid disappearance and conversion to products of enzymic oxidation in grape must and wine","volume":"36","author":"Singleton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00102-2","article-title":"The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals","volume":"64","author":"Zhishen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1990.tb01598.x","article-title":"Influence of sugar anthocyanin pigment stability in frozen strawberry","volume":"55","author":"Wrolstad","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Statistical Analysis System (2002). SAS\/STAT Users Guide: Statics, Ver. 9.00, SAS Institute, Inc."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"172","article-title":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, culinaria y nutricional de frijol del altiplano subh\u00famedo de M\u00e9xico","volume":"52","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Latinoam. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"67","article-title":"Behaviour of mechanically y damaged seeds on the development and yield of normal and abnormal bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants","volume":"28","author":"Romano","year":"2010","journal-title":"IDESIA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1964.0011183X000400060021x","article-title":"An association between pigment and lignin formation in the seed coats of the lima bean","volume":"1","author":"Kannenberg","year":"1964","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Mendoza, C., and S\u00e1nchez, E. (2017). Bioactive compounds from Mexican varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Implications for health. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081360"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"5","article-title":"El frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris): Su importancia nutricional y como fuente de fitoqu\u00edmicos","volume":"3","author":"Ulloa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Fuente"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(93)90238-B","article-title":"Nutrient composition, protein quality and antinutritional factors of some varieties of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in Burundi","volume":"47","author":"Barampama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"T59","article-title":"Chemical composition and in vitro polysaccharide fermentation of different beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"74","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"649","article-title":"Efecto de la concentraci\u00f3n de harina de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), contenido de humedad y temperatura de extrusi\u00f3n sobre las propiedades funcionales de alimentos acu\u00edcolas","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Ing. Qu\u00edm."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"161","article-title":"Propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas del grano de diferentes variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioagro"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"385","article-title":"Composici\u00f3n de Antocianinas en variedades de Frijol Negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultuvadas en M\u00e9xico","volume":"39","author":"Salinas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agrociencia"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00055a012","article-title":"Determination and involvement of aqueous reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems of various senescing leaves","volume":"43","author":"Meir","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0103572","article-title":"Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts","volume":"49","author":"Mavi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Gracia-Nava, M.A. (2018, October 19). Cuantificaci\u00f3n de Fenoles y Flavonoides Totales en Extractos Naturales. Available online: https:\/\/www.uaq.mx\/investigacion\/difusion\/veranos\/memorias-2007\/56_1UAQGarciaNava.pdf."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"C162","article-title":"Chemical evaluation, antioxidant capacity, and consumer acceptance of several oak infusions","volume":"77","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/8\/1\/26\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:26:27Z","timestamp":1760185587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/8\/1\/26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox8010026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8010026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]}}}