{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:55:46Z","timestamp":1790740546125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20904\/PI\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20904\/PI\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T02:55:37Z","timestamp":1563764137000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura In\u00e9s","family":"Elvira-Torales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Periago-Cast\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800053","article-title":"Carotenoids: Actual knowledge on food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans","volume":"53","author":"Maiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. 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