{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:16:06Z","timestamp":1788470166325,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ9\/03629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ9\/03629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying food-originated phytocompounds with beneficial influences for humans. Amongst the most active natural substances are polyphenols, for which high content has been identified in the Viburnum opulus berry, and which are unused in Western Europe. Due to its strong antioxidant activity we explored the potential of V. opulus as a preventive agent against diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among the causes of these ailments is oxidative stress, as well as impaired glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) uptake. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine biological activity of V. opulus phenolic extracts as cytoprotective agents able to decrease induced oxidative stress, lower lipid accumulation and attenuate glucose and FFA uptake by Caco-2 cells via GLUT2 and CD36\/FAT transporters. To determine the source of the most biologically active phenolic compounds, we obtained four phenolic compounds extracts as crude juice, phenolics isolated from juice and two preparations of phenolics obtained with different extraction agents from fruit pomace. Among the studied extracts, the phenolic rich fraction obtained from fruit juice revealed the strongest activity to decrease uptake of glucose, FFA and accumulation of lipid droplets in Caco-2 cells without affecting their viability (IC0 50 \u03bcg\/mL). Observed uptake attenuation was followed by decrease of the CD36\/FAT gene expression, without influence on the GLUT2 and PPAR\u03b1 levels. We suspect that V. opulus phenolics were able to modulate the cellular membrane dynamic, although that hypothesis requires further, more detailed studies. Extracts revealed strong chemo-preventive activity against oxidative stress induced chemically by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as against DNA damage through the induction of DNA repair after cell exposition to methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and H2O2. Our findings suggest Viburnum opulus fruit as a dietary source of phytocompounds, which could be considered as a tailored design food supplement components for the prevention and treatment of postprandial elevation of glucose and fatty acids through delaying the rate of glucose and fatty acid absorption by intestinal cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T11:39:37Z","timestamp":1564659577000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Viburnum opulus Fruit Phenolic Compounds as Cytoprotective Agents Able to Decrease Free Fatty Acids and Glucose Uptake by Caco-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8341-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Zak\u0142os-Szyda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4\/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4\/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Polka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4\/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kozio\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4\/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pods\u0119dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4\/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00087","article-title":"The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review","volume":"5","author":"Cory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"437","article-title":"An Investigation on Protective Effect of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit Extract Against Ischemia\/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress after lung transplantation in rats","volume":"23","author":"Eken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-014-1105-8","article-title":"Biologically Active Substances From European Guelder Berry Fruits","volume":"48","author":"Perova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11655","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171011655","article-title":"Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanins from European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) Fruit Extracts. Effects of Temperature, pH and Storage Solvent","volume":"17","author":"Moldovan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"K\u0131z\u0131lay, O.N., \u00dclker, F., \u00c7elik, V., \u00d6zdemir, T., \u00c7akmak, \u00d6., and Can, E. (2019). The evaluation of the effectiveness of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) extract in the medical expulsive treatment of distal ureteral stones The evaluation of the effectiveness of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) extract in the medical expulsive treatment of distal ureteral stones. Turk. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.181173","article-title":"The effects of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) juice on experimentally induced Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice","volume":"14","author":"Ceylan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00295","article-title":"Botanical Provenance of Traditional Medicines From Carpathian Mountains at the Ukrainian-Polish Border","volume":"9","author":"Kozlowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150619143051","article-title":"Antidiabetic Effect of Polyphenolic Extracts from Selected Edible Plants as \u03b1-Amylase, \u03b1-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibitors, and \u03b2 Pancreatic Cells Cytoprotective Agents\u2014A Comparative Study","volume":"15","author":"Majewska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2174\/1874070701812010219","article-title":"Polyphenols as Suitable Control for Obesity and Diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Mihaylova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Biotech. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1090","article-title":"Attenuation of glucose transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers by a polyphenol-rich herbal extract: Interactions with SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters","volume":"39","author":"Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6620com","article-title":"Inhibition of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 by flavonoids","volume":"21","author":"Kwon","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreck, K., and Melzig, M.F. (2018). Intestinal Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acid, Glucose and Fructose Transporters and Their Inhibition by Natural Plant Extracts in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102544"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000019","article-title":"Polyphenols and phenolic acids from strawberry and apple decrease glucose uptake and transport by human intestinal Caco-2 cells","volume":"54","author":"Manzano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.05.013","article-title":"The overall fatty acid absorption controlled by basolateral chylomicron excretion under regulation of p-JNK1","volume":"1862","author":"Stremmel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5008264","article-title":"In vitro inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes and antioxidant potential of commonly consumed fruits","volume":"62","author":"Majewska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-2843-0","article-title":"Green and roasted coffee extracts as antioxidants in \u03b2TC3 cells with induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation inhibitors in 3T3L1 cells, and their bioactivity in rats fed high fat diet","volume":"243","author":"Budryn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2017_1604","article-title":"Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) fruit polyphenolic extract modulates carbohydrate metabolism in HepG2 cells via AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"65","author":"Pawlik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5215086","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5215086","article-title":"Nile Red and 2-NBDG Are Incompatible for the Simultaneous Detection of Lipid and Glucose Accumulation","volume":"2016","author":"Hogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b05387","article-title":"Ellagitannins from Rubus idaeus L. Exert Geno\u2014And Cytotoxic Effects against Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2","volume":"65","author":"Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"894","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Maintains Glucose Homeostasis through Modulating the Expression of SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and PLG in Different Intestinal Segments of Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"28","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.01142.x","article-title":"Original article Phenolic composition of European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) berries and astringency removal of its commercial juice","volume":"9205","author":"Velioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.11.085","article-title":"Antioxidant components of Viburnum opulus L. determined by on-line HPLC\u2013UV\u2013ABTS radical scavenging and LC\u2013UV\u2013ESI-MS methods","volume":"175","author":"Iskefiyeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.06.054","article-title":"Antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compositions of fruits from different European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) genotypes","volume":"141","author":"Kraujalyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900007","article-title":"Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells\u2014Putative involvement of GLUT2","volume":"53","author":"Faria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.11241","article-title":"Modulation of Glucose Transporter Protein by Dietary Flavonoids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Hajiaghaalipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.11.029","article-title":"The effect of oxidative stress upon the intestinal epithelial uptake of butyrate","volume":"699","author":"Catarino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.02.046","article-title":"Membranar effects exerted in vitro by polyphenols\u2014Quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin\u2014On HUVEC and Jurkat cells, relevant for diabetes mellitus","volume":"61","author":"Margina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amararathna, M., Johnston, M.R., and Rupasinghe, H.P.V. (2016). Plant Polyphenols as Chemopreventive Agents for Lung Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081352"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13708","article-title":"Bioactive polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: Chemical antagonists, pharmacological agents or xenobiotics that drive an adaptive response?","volume":"174","author":"Goszcz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03516-9","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid isomers directly interact with Keap 1-Nrf2 signaling in Caco-2 cells","volume":"457","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-014-3841-0","article-title":"Effect of chlorogenic acid on the phase transition in phospholipid and phospholipid\/cholesterol membranes","volume":"118","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thermal Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, N., and Kitts, D.D. (2018). Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) Isomers Alleviate Interleukin 8 (IL-8) Production in Caco-2 Cells by Decreasing Phosphorylation of p38 and Increasing Cell Integrity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123873"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5743","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekbatan, S.S., Li, X., Ghorbani, M., and Azadi, B. (2018). Chlorogenic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects, S-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030723"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheah, K.Y., Howarth, G.S., Bindon, K.A., Kennedy, J.A., and Bastian, S.E.P. (2014). Low molecular weight procyanidins from grape seeds enhance the impact of 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy on Caco-2 human colon cancer cells. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098921"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2011.608480","article-title":"Procyanidins from Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruit induce apoptosis in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells in a degree of polymerization-dependent manner","volume":"63","author":"Gorlach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.10.005","article-title":"Procyanidin B2 and a cocoa polyphenolic extract inhibit acrylamide-induced apoptosis in human Caco-2 cells by preventing oxidative stress and activation of JNK pathway","volume":"22","author":"Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.07.002","article-title":"Seminars in Cancer Biology Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"46","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1235-0","article-title":"Necroptosis: A regulated inflammatory mode of cell death","volume":"15","author":"Dhuriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8065","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2064-0","article-title":"Role of Bax\/Bcl-2 family members in green tea polyphenol induced necroptosis of p53-deficient Hep3B cells","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fam, T., Klymchenko, A., and Collot, M. (2018). Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplets. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091768"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"173","article-title":"Function activation and increase acetyl-coenzyme A","volume":"6","author":"Rohm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.12.007","article-title":"Biochimie From fat to FAT (CD36\/SR-B2): Understanding the regulation of cellular fatty acid uptake","volume":"136","author":"Glatz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.01.025","article-title":"Protein mediated fatty acid uptake: Synergy between CD36\/FAT-facilitated transport and acyl-CoA synthetase-driven metabolism","volume":"546","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.04.015","article-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Membrane lipid alterations in the metabolic syndrome and the role of dietary oils","volume":"1859","author":"Perona","year":"2017","journal-title":"BBA-Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.086","article-title":"Potential of the chlorogenic acid as multitarget agent: Insulin-secretagogue and PPAR \u03b1\/\u03b3 dual agonist","volume":"94","author":"Sancheza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, Y., Zhu, Q., Kang, J., Liu, M., and Wang, Z. (2018). Chlorogenic Acid Functions as a Novel Agonist of PPAR \u03b3 2 during the Differentiation of Mouse 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. BioMed Res. Int.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8594767"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.12.050","article-title":"Succinimidyl oleate, established inhibitor of CD36\/FAT translocase inhibits complex III of mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"391","author":"Vrbacky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"493","article-title":"Intestinal CD36 and Other Key Proteins of Lipid Utilization: Role in Absorption and Gut Homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Abumrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.03.060","article-title":"CD36 gene variants is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus through the interaction of obesity in rural Chinese adults","volume":"659","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7932","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402019f","article-title":"Transepithelial Permeability Studies of Flavan-3-ol-C-glucosides and Procyanidin Dimers and Trimers across the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer","volume":"61","author":"Hemmersbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6104165","article-title":"The Role of Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 and Glucose Transporter 2 in the Absorption of Cyanidin-3-O-\u03b2-Glucoside in Caco-2 Cells","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17271","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.730168","article-title":"Mammalian Glucose Transporter Activity Is Dependent upon Anionic and Conical Phospholipids","volume":"291","author":"Hresko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.08.013","article-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Effect of oxidative stress on plasma membrane fluidity of THP-1 induced macrophages","volume":"1828","author":"De","year":"2013","journal-title":"BBA-Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2014.07.001","article-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Structure-dependent interactions of polyphenols with a biomimetic membrane system","volume":"1838","author":"Phan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BBA-Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18923","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201018923","article-title":"Membrane Interactions of Phytochemicals as Their Molecular Mechanism Applicable to the Discovery of Drug Leads from Plants","volume":"20","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/8\/8\/262\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:12:15Z","timestamp":1760188335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/8\/8\/262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox8080262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8080262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]}}}