{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:58:01Z","timestamp":1791050281737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cardenal Herrera CEU and University and San Pablo CEU Foundation University","award":["INDI 18\/31 and Consolidaci\u00f3n 2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INDI 18\/31 and Consolidaci\u00f3n 2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas molecule with diverse physiological and cellular functions. In the eye, NO is used to maintain normal visual function as it is involved in photoreceptor light transduction. In addition, NO acts as a rapid vascular endothelial relaxant, is involved in the control of retinal blood flow under basal conditions and mediates the vasodilator responses of different substances such as acetylcholine, bradykinin, histamine, substance P or insulin. However, the retina is rich in polyunsaturated lipid membranes and is sensitive to the action of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Products generated from NO (i.e., dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) and peroxynitrite) have great oxidative damaging effects. Oxygen and nitrogen species can react with biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA), potentially leading to cell death, and this is particularly important in the retina. This review focuses on the role of NO in several ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8110543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1573531627000},"page":"543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Nitrosative Stress in Retinal Pathologies: Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Antolin","family":"Cant\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 64315 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Olivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 64315 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 64315 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.2.682","article-title":"Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme","volume":"87","author":"Bredt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. 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