{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T06:12:17Z","timestamp":1778393537600,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) Collaborative Research Program","award":["16-305, 17-309, and 18-312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-305, 17-309, and 18-312"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI Research Fellowship","award":["JP18J11872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18J11872"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reactive sulfur species (RSS) function as strong antioxidants and are involved in various biological responses in animals and bacteria. Few studies; however, have examined RSS in plants. In the present study, we clarified that RSS are involved in root nodule symbiosis in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Polysulfides, a type of RSS, were detected in the roots by using a sulfane sulfur-specific fluorescent probe, SSP4. Supplying the sulfane sulfur donor Na2S3 to the roots increased the amounts of both polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the roots and simultaneously decreased the amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). RSS were also detected in infection threads in the root hairs and in infected cells of nodules. Supplying the sulfane sulfur donor significantly increased the numbers of infection threads and nodules. When nodules were immersed in the sulfane sulfur donor, their nitrogenase activity was significantly reduced, without significant changes in the amounts of NO, ROS, and H2S. These results suggest that polysulfides interact with signal molecules such as NO, ROS, and H2S in root nodule symbiosis in L. japonicus. SSP4 and Na2S3 are useful tools for study of RSS in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T11:50:28Z","timestamp":1581076228000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reactive Sulfur Species Interact with Other Signal Molecules in Root Nodule Symbiosis in Lotus japonicus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mitsutaka","family":"Fukudome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Uchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Osuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6414-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ei-ichi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiki","family":"Uchiumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092830","article-title":"New Insights into Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plants","volume":"59","author":"Pugin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. 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