{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:36:12Z","timestamp":1788914172267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Secreted by the pineal gland to regulate the circadian rhythm, melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that has been used to combat oxidative stress in the central nervous system. Melatonin-based therapies have been shown to provide neuroprotective effects in the setting of ischemic stroke by mitigating neuroinflammation and accelerating brain tissue restoration. Melatonin treatment includes injection of exogenous melatonin, pineal gland grafting and melatonin-mediated stem cell therapy. This review will discuss the current preclinical and clinical studies investigating melatonin-based therapeutics to treat stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1595931409000},"page":"672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Melatonin\u2014A Potent Therapeutic for Stroke and Stroke-Related Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Sadanandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaise","family":"Cozene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You Jeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Saft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Gonzales-Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar V.","family":"Borlongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00519-6","article-title":"High physiological levels of melatonin in the bile of mammals","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7074","article-title":"High melatonin concentrations in third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are not due to Galen vein blood recirculating through the choroid plexus","volume":"140","author":"Skinner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90092-N","article-title":"Diurnal rhythms of immunoreactive melatonin in the aqueous humor and serum of male pigmented rabbits","volume":"116","author":"Yu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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