{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:52:43Z","timestamp":1789998763212,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTS15\/00151, PI16\/00541, SAF2016-77784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTS15\/00151, PI16\/00541, SAF2016-77784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a key role in diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy. The main goal of this study was to assess whether the topical administration (eye drops) of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has any effect on oxidative stress in the retina. Methods: db\/db mice were treated with eye drops of GLP-1 or vehicle for three weeks, with db\/+ mice being used as control. Studies included the assessment by western blot of the antioxidant defense markers CuZnSOD, MnSOD, glutathione peroxidase and reductase; immunofluorescence measurements of DNA\/RNA damage, nitro tyrosine and Ki67 and Babam2 proteins. Results: GLP-1 eye drops protected from oxidative stress by increasing the protein levels of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and CuZnSOD and MnSOD in diabetic retinas. This was associated with a significant reduction of DNA\/RNA damage and the activation of proteins involved in DNA repair in the retina (Babam2) and Ki67 (a biomarker of cell proliferation). Conclusions: GLP-1 modulates the antioxidant defense system in the diabetic retina and has a neuroprotective action favoring DNA repair and neuron cells proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T09:10:09Z","timestamp":1599729009000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Abnormalities: Involvement of Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Bogdanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3109-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0443","article-title":"Topical administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists prevents retinal neurodegeneration in experimental diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1364","article-title":"GLP-1R as a Target for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: Friend or Foe?","volume":"66","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampedro, J., Bogdanov, P., Ramos, H., Sol\u00e0-Adell, C., Turch, M., Valeri, M., Sim\u00f3-Servat, O., Lagunas, C., Sim\u00f3, R., and Hern\u00e1ndez, C. 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