{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:19:00Z","timestamp":1793042340473,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":287,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids generate extremely reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Human body comprises some important RCS namely hexanal, acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, methylglyoxal, malondialdehyde, isolevuglandins, and 4-oxo-2- nonenal etc. These RCS damage important cellular components including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which manifests cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, multitude of adducts and crosslinks that are connected to ageing and various chronic diseases like inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disease. The constant prevalence of RCS in living cells suggests their importance in signal transduction and gene expression. Extensive knowledge of RCS properties, metabolism and relation with metabolic diseases would assist in development of effective approach to prevent numerous chronic diseases. Treatment approaches for RCS associated diseases involve endogenous RCS metabolizers, carbonyl metabolizing enzyme inducers, and RCS scavengers. Limited bioavailability and bio efficacy of RCS sequesters suggest importance of nanoparticles and nanocarriers. Identification of RCS and screening of compounds ability to sequester RCS employ several bioassays and analytical techniques. Present review describes in-depth study of RCS sources, types, properties, identification techniques, therapeutic approaches, nanocarriers, and their role in various diseases. This study will give an idea for therapeutic development to combat the RCS associated chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T19:51:31Z","timestamp":1604346691000},"page":"1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A Comprehensive Review on Source, Types, Effects, Nanotechnology, Detection, and Therapeutic Management of Reactive Carbonyl Species Associated with Various Chronic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shivkanya","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vetriselvan","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundram","family":"Karupiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathiresan","family":"Sathasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan","family":"Meenakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National University of Science and Technology, Bowshar Campus, Muscat PO 620 PC 130, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan Seng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhanye Mac","family":"Guad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6906-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaviraja","family":"Udupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore 560029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj Kumar","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, S.W., Lee, Y.-M., Aldini, G., and Yeum, K.-J. 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