{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:53:40Z","timestamp":1791672820015,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the government of South Korea (MEST)","award":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying cellular damage of the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss. In order to prevent hearing loss, several types of antioxidants have been investigated; several experiments have shown their ability to effectively prevent noise-induced hearing loss, age-related hearing loss, and ototoxicity in animal models. Exogenous antioxidants has been used as single therapeutic agents or in combination. Antioxidant therapy is generally administered before the production of reactive oxygen species. However, post-exposure treatment could also be effective. Preconditioning refers to the phenomenon of pre-inducing a preventative pathway by subtle stimuli that do not cause permanent damage in the inner ear. This renders the inner ear more resistant to actual stimuli that cause permanent hearing damage. The preconditioning mechanism is also related to the induction of antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying antioxidant-associated therapeutic effects and preconditioning in the inner ear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T19:51:31Z","timestamp":1604346691000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Antioxidant Therapy against Oxidative Damage of the Inner Ear: Protection and Preconditioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jhang Ho","family":"Pak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Medical Center, Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehree","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyeong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Woo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28279-z","article-title":"Prevalence of severe-profound hearing loss in South Korea: A nationwide population-based study to analyse a 10-year trend (2006\u20132015)","volume":"8","author":"Im","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhee, J., Lee, D., Lim, H.J., Park, M.K., Suh, M.W., Lee, J.H., Hong, Y.-C., and Oh, S.-H. (2019). Hearing loss in Korean adolescents: The prevalence thereof and its association with leisure noise exposure. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209254"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67033-2","article-title":"Impact of hearing loss on the performance of auditory processing measured by questionnaires in Korean adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182814d4a","article-title":"Review of hair cell synapse defects in sensorineural hearing impairment","volume":"34","author":"Moser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200410250-00010","article-title":"Accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in mouse inner ear by noise stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000259195","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear hypoxia is intensity dependent, correlates with hearing loss and precedes reduction of cochlear blood flow","volume":"1","author":"Lamm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00005-8","article-title":"The effect of blood flow promoting drugs on cochlear blood flow, perilymphatic pO2 and auditory function in the normal and noise-damaged hypoxic and ischemic guinea pig inner ear","volume":"141","author":"Lamm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135819","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the glutamatergic synapses in the cochlea","volume":"113","author":"Pujol","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00366-5","article-title":"Free radical generation in the cochlea during combined exposure to noise and carbon monoxide: An electrophysiological and an EPR study","volume":"161","author":"Rao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114761","article-title":"Appearance of free radicals in the guinea pig inner ear after noise-induced acoustic trauma","volume":"252","author":"Yamane","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamogashira, T., Fujimoto, C., and Yamasoba, T. (2015). Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in hearing loss. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/617207"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02733-5","article-title":"Intense noise induces formation of vasoactive lipid peroxidation products in the cochlea","volume":"878","author":"Ohinata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000013846","article-title":"Early elevation of cochlear reactive oxygen species following noise exposure","volume":"4","author":"Ohlemiller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410023038","article-title":"Prevention of impulse noise-induced hearing loss with antioxidants","volume":"125","author":"Kopke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.11.022","article-title":"Noise exposure and oxidative balance in auditory and extra-auditory structures in adult and developing animals. Pharmacological approaches aimed to minimize its effects","volume":"109","author":"Molina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00096-4","article-title":"Glutathione limits noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"146","author":"Ohinata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.02.014","article-title":"Maintaining good hearing: Calorie restriction, Sirt3, and glutathione","volume":"48","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyata, Y., Matsuo, T., Sagara, Y., Ohba, K., Ohyama, K., and Sakai, H. (2017). A mini-review of reactive oxygen species in urological cancer: Correlation with NADPH oxidases, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102214"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318225575a","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking on hearing recovery from noise-induced temporary hearing threshold shifts in mice","volume":"32","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36306","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36306","article-title":"Manganese-mediated acceleration of age-related hearing loss in mice","volume":"6","author":"Ohgami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01353","article-title":"Intracochlear perfusion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces sensorineural hearing loss and synaptic degeneration in guinea pigs","volume":"10","author":"Katsumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001212","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of age-related changes in the human basilar membrane","volume":"110","author":"Bhatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230410017823","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and its association with reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA damage","volume":"124","author":"Seidman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000183694.10583.12","article-title":"N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism and presbycusis","volume":"115","author":"Tamer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.030","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress","volume":"47","author":"Ando","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12184","article-title":"Visceral adipose tissue is significantly associated with hearing thresholds in adult women","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2016.0153","article-title":"The association between age-related hearing impairment and metabolic syndrome in Korean women: 5-year follow-up observational study","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712803833164","article-title":"Protective role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease","volume":"19","author":"Shibata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04090.x","article-title":"Association of plasma adiponectin levels with hearing thresholds in adults","volume":"75","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1189","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.140","article-title":"Adiponectin deficiency exacerbates age-related hearing impairment","volume":"5","author":"Tanigawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, S.H., Lee, M.K., Ahn, K.Y., Im, J.-A., Park, M.S., Lee, D.-C., Jeon, J.Y., and Lee, J.W. (2012). Chemerin and adiponectin contribute reciprocally to metabolic syndrome. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034710"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(96)00126-8","article-title":"Direct effects of intraperilymphatic reactive oxygen species generation on cochlear function","volume":"101","author":"Clerici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00167.x","article-title":"Mechanism of cisplatin ototoxicity: Antioxidant system","volume":"76","author":"Ravi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00066-D","article-title":"The comparative effects of sodium thiosulfate, diethyldithiocarbamate, fosfomycin and WR-2721 on ameliorating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity","volume":"86","author":"Church","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1995.1100","article-title":"Mechanism of protection by diethyldithiocarbamate against cisplatin ototoxicity: Antioxidant system","volume":"26","author":"Rybak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00338","article-title":"Mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and otoprotection","volume":"11","author":"Sheth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00207-X","article-title":"Formation of reactive oxygen species following bioactivation of gentamicin","volume":"26","author":"Sha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000058305","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding aminoglycoside ototoxicity and its prevention","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000222","article-title":"Incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"34","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600606723","article-title":"Immune-mediated inner ear disease","volume":"126","author":"Bovo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18599","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18599","article-title":"Secreted factors from human vestibular schwannomas can cause cochlear damage","volume":"5","author":"Dilwali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.28","article-title":"AAO: Autoimmune and autoinflammatory (disease) in otology: What is new in immune-mediated hearing loss","volume":"1","author":"Vambutas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2003.50","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss: A study of 51 patients","volume":"128","author":"Zadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000442016","article-title":"The expression of TNF\u03b1, IL-6, IL-2 and IL-8 in the serum of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Possible prognostic factors of response to corticosteroid treatment","volume":"6","author":"Tsinaslanidou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol. Extra"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"591","article-title":"Autoimmune inner ear disease: Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment outcome","volume":"37","author":"Dayal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.10.014","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss in CD\/1 mice is associated to ROS formation and HIF target proteins up-regulation in the cochlea","volume":"42","author":"Riva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000178121.28365.0d","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in sensorineural hearing loss after bacterial meningitis","volume":"26","author":"Aminpour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20764","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines expression in noise-induced damaged cochlea","volume":"83","author":"Fujioka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-007-0084-9","article-title":"Cisplatin cytotoxicity of auditory cells requires secretions of proinflammatory cytokines via activation of ERK and NF-\u03baB","volume":"8","author":"So","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05716-x","article-title":"Intratympanic infliximab is a safe and effective rescue therapy for refractory immune-mediated hearing loss","volume":"277","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Zhang, L.S., Zinsmaier, A.K., Patterson, G., Leptich, E.J., Shoemaker, S.L., Yatskievych, T.A., Gibboni, R., Pace, E., and Luo, H. (2019). Neuroinflammation mediates noise-induced synaptic imbalance and tinnitus in rodent models. PLoS Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000307"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00444","article-title":"Targeting Inflammatory Processes Mediated by TRPV1 and TNF-\u03b1 for Treating Noise-Induced Hearing Loss","volume":"13","author":"Dhukhwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282efa641","article-title":"Auditory research involving antioxidants","volume":"15","author":"Darrat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frisina, R.D., and Frisina, D.R. (2013). Physiological and neurobiological bases of age-related hearing loss: Biotherapeutic implications. Am. J. Audiol.","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2013\/13-0003)"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1883-5","article-title":"The effect of resveratrol on the prevention of cisplatin ototoxicity","volume":"269","author":"Erdem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200005000-00003","article-title":"Effects of dietary restriction and antioxidants on presbyacusis","volume":"110","author":"Seidman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5512","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b01653","article-title":"Progress in the Development of Preventative Drugs for Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss: Miniperspective","volume":"61","author":"Hazlitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0219-x","article-title":"Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss: A literature review of the underlying mechanism, pathophysiology, asymmetry, and management options","volume":"46","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"70","article-title":"Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs","volume":"29","author":"Fetoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480601110188","article-title":"Noise protection with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) using a variety of noise exposures, NAC doses, and routes of administration","volume":"127","author":"Bielefeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"BR159","article-title":"Different strategies in treating noise-induced hearing loss with N-acetylcysteine","volume":"14","author":"Lorito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811414496","article-title":"Low-dose d-methionine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine for protection from permanent noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas","volume":"145","author":"Clifford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.64972","article-title":"Dosing study on the effectiveness of salicylate\/N-acetylcysteine for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"12","author":"Coleman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.137057","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and ginseng in prevention of noise induced hearing loss in male textile workers","volume":"16","author":"Doosti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.01.002","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in prevention of noise induced hearing loss: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Kopke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17.4.5","article-title":"Efficacy of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in protecting ears exposed to loud music","volume":"17","author":"Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207245","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in preventing aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity: Implications for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB","volume":"70","author":"Kranzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00009","article-title":"Prevention of cisplatin ototoxicity using transtympanic N-acetylcysteine and lactate","volume":"25","author":"Choe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.087601","article-title":"Protection against cisplatin-induced toxicities by N-acetylcysteine and sodium thiosulfate as assessed at the molecular, cellular, and in vivo levels","volume":"314","author":"Dickey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801109","article-title":"Sodium thiosulfate for protection from cisplatin-induced hearing loss","volume":"378","author":"Brock","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519860679","article-title":"Effects of d-methionine in mice with noise-induced hearing loss mice","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.09.027","article-title":"Dose-dependent effects of d-methionine for rescuing noise-induced permanent threshold shift in guinea-pigs","volume":"254","author":"Lo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Campbell, K., Nayar, R., Borgonha, S., Hughes, L., Rehemtulla, A., Ross, B., and Sunkara, P. (2009, January 21\u201324). Oral d-methionine (MRX-1024) significantly protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss: A phase II study in humans. Proceedings of the IX European Federation of Audiology Societies (EFAS) Congress, Tenerife, Spain."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0888-z","article-title":"Evaluating protective and therapeutic effects of alpha-lipoic acid on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"2793","article-title":"Mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid in attenuating kanamycin-induced ototoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e648","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002643","article-title":"Otoprotective Effects of \u03b1-lipoic Acid on A\/J Mice With Age-related Hearing Loss","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"380","article-title":"The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on temporary threshold shift in humans: A preliminary study","volume":"32","author":"Quaranta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-72992005000300002","article-title":"Amifostine otoprotection to cisplatin ototoxicity: A guinea pig study using otoacoustic emission distortion products (DPOEA) and scanning electron microscopy","volume":"71","author":"Hyppolito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20132","article-title":"Amifostine for children with medulloblastoma treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Fisher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not241","article-title":"Evaluation of amifostine for protection against cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in children treated for average-risk or high-risk medulloblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Gurney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.7.2101","article-title":"Amifostine pretreatment for protection against cyclophosphamide-induced and cisplatin-induced toxicities: Results of a randomized control trial in patients with advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"14","author":"Kemp","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200506000-00013","article-title":"Combined oral delivery of ebselen and allopurinol reduces multiple cisplatin toxicities in rat breast and ovarian cancer models while enhancing anti-tumor activity","volume":"16","author":"Lynch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Drugs"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.01.047","article-title":"Ebselen prevents noise-induced excitotoxicity and temporary threshold shift","volume":"380","author":"Yamasoba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31791-9","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ebselen for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"390","author":"Kil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2010.34.4.336","article-title":"Ingestion of Korean Red ginseng after noise exposure can potentiate rapid recovery of hearing in mice","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21756","article-title":"Korean red ginseng prevents gentamicin-induced hearing loss in rats","volume":"121","author":"Choung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.027","article-title":"Water-soluble Coenzyme Q10 formulation (Q-ter) promotes outer hair cell survival in a guinea pig model of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)","volume":"1257","author":"Fetoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.140499","article-title":"Activity of coenzyme Q 10 (Q-Ter multicomposite) on recovery time in noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"16","author":"Staffa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.09.006","article-title":"Existing and potential therapeutic uses for N-acetylcysteine: The need for conversion to intracellular glutathione for antioxidant benefits","volume":"141","author":"Rushworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijarnia, R.K., Bachtler, M., Chandak, P.G., van Goor, H., and Pasch, A. (2015). Sodium thiosulfate ameliorates oxidative stress and preserves renal function in hyperoxaluric rats. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124881"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.07.004","article-title":"Assessment of d-methionine protecting cisplatin-induced otolith toxicity by vestibular-evoked myogenic potential tests, ATPase activities and oxidative state in guinea pigs","volume":"51","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S.C. (1998). Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Seminars in Liver Disease, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007168"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Checa, J.C., Kaplowitz, N., Garc\u00eda-Ruiz, C., and Colell, A. (1998). Mitochondrial glutathione: Importance and transport. Seminars in Liver Disease, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007172"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.11.012","article-title":"Prevention of noise-and drug-induced hearing loss with d-methionine","volume":"226","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770020-2","article-title":"Comparison of five agents in protecting the cochlea against the ototoxic effects of cisplatin in the hamster","volume":"117","author":"Kaltenbach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.08.006","article-title":"Ebselen treatment reduces noise induced hearing loss via the mimicry and induction of glutathione peroxidase","volume":"226","author":"Kil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.03.003","article-title":"Ebselen attenuates cisplatin-induced ROS generation through Nrf2 activation in auditory cells","volume":"251","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-008-0126-y","article-title":"Evidence that cisplatin-induced auditory damage is attenuated by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via Nrf2\/HO-1","volume":"9","author":"So","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00135-6","article-title":"Dose-related inversion of cinnarizine and flunarizine effects on mitochondrial permeability transition","volume":"348","author":"Elimadi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802226155","article-title":"Retinoic acid applied after noise exposure can recover the noise-induced hearing loss in mice","volume":"129","author":"Shim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.10.011","article-title":"Dietary vitamin C supplementation reduces noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs","volume":"202","author":"McFadden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.90327","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E supplementation on carbogen-induced amelioration of noise induced hearing loss in man","volume":"13","author":"Kapoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050022","article-title":"The effects of \u2018supra-physiological\u2019vitamin B12 administration on temporary threshold shift: Efectos de la administraci\u00f3n \u201csupra-fisiol\u00f3gica\u201d de vitamina B12 sobre el cambio temporal de umbrales","volume":"43","author":"Quaranta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.008","article-title":"Free radical scavengers vitamins A, C, and E plus magnesium reduce noise trauma","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001638","article-title":"Evaluation of mitoquinone for protecting against amikacin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs","volume":"39","author":"Dirain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc053428","article-title":"Aspirin to prevent gentamicin-induced hearing loss","volume":"354","author":"Sha","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814553930","article-title":"Ubiquitous aspirin: A systematic review of its impact on sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"152","author":"Kyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.09.033","article-title":"COAST (Cisplatin ototoxicity attenuated by aspirin trial): A phase II double-blind, randomised controlled trial to establish if aspirin reduces cisplatin induced hearing-loss","volume":"87","author":"Crabb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00178-3","article-title":"Ebselen attenuates cochlear damage caused by acoustic trauma","volume":"181","author":"Pourbakht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.07.114","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic role of retinoic acid in the inner ear of noise-exposed mice","volume":"335","author":"Ahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328308b338","article-title":"Lipoic acid rescues DBA mice from early-onset age-related hearing impairment","volume":"19","author":"Ahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.08.008","article-title":"Pharmacological rescue of noise induced hearing loss using N-acetylcysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine","volume":"226","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708007","article-title":"Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling","volume":"217","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandi, A., Yan, L.-J., Jana, C.K., and Das, N. (2019). Role of catalase in oxidative stress-and age-associated degenerative diseases. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9613090"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06542.x","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase family\u2014An evolutionary overview","volume":"275","author":"Margis","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3412","article-title":"Peroxiredoxin 6: A bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities","volume":"15","author":"Fisher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000191942.36672.f3","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"27","author":"Henderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4378-6","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in prevention of age-related hearing loss: A review of literature","volume":"274","author":"Tavanai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.05.012","article-title":"Involvement of retinoic acid-induced peroxiredoxin 6 expression in recovery of noise-induced temporary hearing threshold shifts","volume":"36","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10116","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10116.1999","article-title":"Heat stress and protection from permanent acoustic injury in mice","volume":"19","author":"Yoshida","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00289-7","article-title":"Restraint stress and protection from acoustic injury in mice","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.10.002","article-title":"Up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha by cobalt chloride prevents hearing loss in noise-exposed mice","volume":"31","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.09.006","article-title":"Temporal and genetic influences on protection against noise-induced hearing loss by hypoxic preconditioning in mice","volume":"226","author":"Gagnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90107-4","article-title":"Protection against noise trauma by pre-exposure to a low level acoustic stimulus","volume":"34","author":"Canlon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2005.11.012","article-title":"Increased resistance to free radical damage induced by low-level sound conditioning","volume":"213","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000080226","article-title":"Protection against acoustic trauma by forward and backward sound conditioning","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(97)00214-1","article-title":"Changes in cochlear antioxidant enzyme activity after sound conditioning and noise exposure in the chinchilla","volume":"117","author":"Jacono","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Suppression of apoptosis occurs in the cochlea by sound conditioning","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"96","article-title":"Protective mechanisms of sound conditioning","volume":"59","author":"Niu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.09.004","article-title":"Sound conditioning protects hearing by activating the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis","volume":"25","author":"Tahera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.6.3095","article-title":"Conditioning-related protection from acoustic injury: Effects of chronic deefferentation and sham surgery","volume":"78","author":"Kujawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"156","article-title":"Effect of Prednisolone on Acoustic Trauma Applied in the Inactive Phase of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Mice","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32830e4c1d","article-title":"Circadian changes in serum corticosterone levels affect hearing in mice exposed to noise","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"137","article-title":"Changes of Serum Aldosterone Concentration after Noise Exposure in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.125","article-title":"Bisphenol A, an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical, inhibits hypoxic response via degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1): Structural requirement of bisphenol A for degradation of HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"318","author":"Kubo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pak, J.H., Yi, J., Ryu, S., Kim, I.K., Kim, J.-W., Baek, H., and Chung, J.W. (2019). Induction of Redox-Active Gene Expression by CoCl2 Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Injury of Murine Auditory Cells. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090399"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, J., Kim, T., Pak, J., and Chung, J. (2020). Protective Effects of Glucose-Related Protein 78 and 94 on Cisplatin-Mediated Ototoxicity. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080686"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/332462a0","article-title":"The presence of malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum signals the induction of glucose-regulated proteins","volume":"332","author":"Kozutsumi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.056","article-title":"ER stress and the unfolded protein response","volume":"569","author":"Kaufman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.\/Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209038","article-title":"The unfolded protein response: From stress pathway to homeostatic regulation","volume":"334","author":"Walter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146361","article-title":"IRE1 signaling affects cell fate during the unfolded protein response","volume":"318","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80330-5","article-title":"Perk is essential for translational regulation and cell survival during the unfolded protein response","volume":"5","author":"Harding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020391","article-title":"Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response","volume":"366","author":"Okada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.964702","article-title":"IRE1-mediated unconventional mRNA splicing and S2P-mediated ATF6 cleavage merge to regulate XBP1 in signaling the unfolded protein response","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480903443191","article-title":"Three common GJB2 mutations causing nonsyndromic hearing loss in Chinese populations are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.12.008","article-title":"Enhanced expression of C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) precedes degeneration of fibrocytes in the lateral wall after acute cochlear mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"56","author":"Fujinami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000067652.51441.21","article-title":"Dedifferentiation and proliferation of surviving epithelial cells in acute renal failure","volume":"14","author":"Bonventre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm152","article-title":"Cisplatin, gentamicin, and p-aminophenol induce markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat kidneys","volume":"99","author":"Peyrou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007070745","article-title":"Preconditioning with endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorates mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis","volume":"19","author":"Inagi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ischemic preconditioning reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulates hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 in ischemic kidney: The role of nitric oxide","volume":"19","author":"Zaouali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.07.005","article-title":"ATF6\u03b1 optimizes long-term endoplasmic reticulum function to protect cells from chronic stress","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.07.021","article-title":"Activation of ER stress and apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide in HeLa cells: Protective role of mild heat preconditioning at 40 C","volume":"1813","author":"Pallepati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA-Mol. Cell Res."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/9\/11\/1076\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:28:21Z","timestamp":1760178501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/9\/11\/1076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox9111076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9111076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]}}}