{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:32:38Z","timestamp":1773797558546,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This project is funded by the Ministry of Research and Innovation within Program 1 \u2013 Development of the national RD system, Subprogram 1.2 - Institutional Performance \u2013 RDI excellence funding projects","award":["Contract no. 34PFE\/19.10.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract no. 34PFE\/19.10.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymus vulgaris L. is an aromatic herb used for medicinal purposes such as antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The present study aimed to investigate whether Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil enhances cognitive function via the action on cholinergic neurons using scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of memory impairments. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO, 25, 150, and 300 \u00b5L\/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish once daily for 13 days, whereas memory impairment was induced by Sco (100 \u03bcM), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Spatial memory was assessed using the Y-maze test and novel object recognition test (NOR). Anxiety and depression were measured in the novel tank diving test (NTT). Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the phytochemical composition of TEO. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress response in the brain of zebrafish were determined. TEO ameliorated Sco-induced increasing of AChE activity, amnesia, anxiety, and reduced the brain antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that TEO may have preventive and\/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in zebrafish with amnesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T10:32:36Z","timestamp":1604485956000},"page":"1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Protects Zebrafish against Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Cholinergic and Antioxidants Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luminita","family":"Capatina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Todirascu-Ciornea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4281-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo Marco","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ruberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6981-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian","family":"Hritcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70156-9","article-title":"Neuropathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with distinct clinical characteristics: A retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71305-2","article-title":"Association of TDP-43 proteinopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and Lewy bodies with cognitive impairment in individuals with or without Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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