{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:10:24Z","timestamp":1792019424211,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress protein that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin (BV), the latter of which is converted to bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase. HO-1 has been implicated as a cytoprotectant in various models of acute organ injury and disease (i.e., lung, kidney, heart, liver). Thus, HO-1 may serve as a general therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic modulator of inflammatory signaling, via the removal of heme, and generation of its enzymatic degradation-products. Iron release from HO activity may exert pro-inflammatory effects unless sequestered, whereas BV\/BR have well-established antioxidant properties. CO, derived from HO activity, has been identified as an endogenous mediator that can influence mitochondrial function and\/or cellular signal transduction programs which culminate in the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Much research has focused on the application of low concentration CO, whether administered in gaseous form by inhalation, or via the use of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), for therapeutic benefit in disease. The development of novel CORMs for their translational potential remains an active area of investigation. Evidence has accumulated for therapeutic effects of both CO and CORMs in diseases associated with critical care, including acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI\/ARDS), mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury, pneumonias, and sepsis. The therapeutic benefits of CO may extend to other diseases involving aberrant inflammatory processes such as transplant-associated ischemia\/reperfusion injury and chronic graft rejection, and metabolic diseases. Current and planned clinical trials explore the therapeutic benefit of CO in ARDS and other lung diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T02:09:07Z","timestamp":1605838147000},"page":"1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Acute Organ Injury, Critical Illness, and Inflammatory Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ryter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Room M-522, Box 130, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.61.2.748","article-title":"The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase","volume":"61","author":"Tenhunen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63477-5","article-title":"Microsomal heme oxygenase. Characterization of the enzyme","volume":"244","author":"Tenhunen","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00804a016","article-title":"Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent biliverdin reductase: Partial purification and characterization","volume":"9","author":"Tenhunen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42488-4","article-title":"Characterization of two constitutive forms of rat liver microsomal heme oxygenase. Only one molecular species of the enzyme is inducible","volume":"261","author":"Maines","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)69078-7","article-title":"Evidence suggesting that the two forms of heme oxygenase are products of different genes","volume":"263","author":"Cruse","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00146","article-title":"Heme as a target for therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Immenschuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.005","article-title":"Handling heme: The mechanisms underlying the movement of heme within and between cells","volume":"133","author":"Donegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.026","article-title":"Immuno-spin trapping of heme-induced protein radicals: Implications for heme oxygenase-1 induction and heme degradation","volume":"61","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51ra71","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001118","article-title":"A central role for free heme in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"749","article-title":"Heme induces rapid endothelial barrier dysfunction via the MKK3\/p38MAPK axis","volume":"136","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108075","article-title":"Labile heme impairs hepatic microcirculation and promotes hepatic injury","volume":"672","author":"Englert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00161","article-title":"Could heme oxygenase-1 be a new target for therapeutic intervention in malaria-associated acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome?","volume":"8","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24750","article-title":"The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises","volume":"92","author":"Gomperts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000178169.95781.49","article-title":"Heme oxygenase and atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Morita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"79","article-title":"Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase Pharmacol","volume":"60","author":"Abraham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4967","article-title":"Oxidant stress leads to transcriptional activation of the human heme oxygenase gene in cultured skin fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Keyse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.06.011","article-title":"Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation","volume":"167","author":"Ryter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2005","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide: From basic science to therapeutic applications","volume":"86","author":"Ryter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00181-9","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1: Unleashing the protective properties of heme","volume":"24","author":"Otterbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5674","article-title":"Signaling function of heme oxygenase proteins","volume":"20","author":"Dennery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82386-9","article-title":"Oxidative stress resulting from ultraviolet A irradiation of human skin fibroblasts leads to a heme oxygenase-dependent increase in ferritin","volume":"268","author":"Vile","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3029864","article-title":"Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance","volume":"235","author":"Stocker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80353-V","article-title":"Bilirubin attenuates radical-mediated damage to serum albumin","volume":"331","author":"Neuzil","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.22.8130","article-title":"Potential role of conjugated bilirubin and copper in the metabolism of lipid peroxides in bile","volume":"84","author":"Stocker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3228","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide","volume":"9","author":"Motterlini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00022.2017","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease","volume":"314","author":"Ryter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00223-3","article-title":"The heme synthesis and degradation pathways: Role in oxidant sensitivity. Heme oxygenase has both pro- and antioxidant properties","volume":"28","author":"Ryter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-018-1151-x","article-title":"A review on heme oxygenase-1 induction: Is it a necessary evil","volume":"67","author":"Waza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-015-0128-0","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1: Emerging target of cancer therapy","volume":"22","author":"Chau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.06.008","article-title":"The sinister face of heme oxygenase-1 in brain aging and disease","volume":"172","author":"Schipper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4165","article-title":"Oxidative stress causes enhanced endothelial cell injury in human heme oxygenase-1 deficiency","volume":"103","author":"Yachie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181fd2aae","article-title":"Human heme oxygenase-1 deficiency presenting with hemolysis, nephritis, and asplenia","volume":"33","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10919","article-title":"Heme oxygenase 1 is required for mammalian iron reutilization","volume":"94","author":"Poss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.1.99","article-title":"Heme oxygenase is the major 32-kDa stress protein induced in human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite","volume":"86","author":"Keyse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26071","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.37.26071","article-title":"Nrf2, a Cap\u2018n\u2019Collar transcription factor, regulates induction of the heme oxygenase-1 gene","volume":"274","author":"Alam","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"924","article-title":"Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene transcription: Recent advances and highlights from the International Conference (Uppsala, 2003) on Heme Oxygenase","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sferrazzo, G., Di Rosa, M., Barone, E., Li Volti, G., Musso, N., Tibullo, D., and Barbagallo, I. (2020). Heme oxygenase-1 in central nervous system malignancies. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051562"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.007","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1, a critical arbitrator of cell death pathways in lung injury and disease","volume":"47","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drummond, H.A., Mitchell, Z.L., Abraham, N.G., and Stec, D.E. (2019). Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in cardiovascular and kidney disease. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8060181"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.10.037","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase 1 as a therapeutic target in acute kidney injury","volume":"69","author":"Bolisetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000437613.88158.d3","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 and acute kidney injury","volume":"23","author":"Nath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3884","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170413122439","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide system against ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"84","article-title":"Heme oxygenase system in ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"9","author":"Tsuchihashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.012","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase-1 in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury: From bench-to-bedside","volume":"157","author":"Hirao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kishimoto, Y., Kondo, K., and Momiyama, Y. (2019). The protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in atherosclerotic diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153628"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.H., and Choi, S. (2018). Therapeutic aspects of carbon monoxide in cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082381"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.09.003","article-title":"Translational significance of heme oxygenase in obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Abraham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"292","article-title":"Similarities and distinctions in the effects of metformin and carbon monoxide in immunometabolism","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cells."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7989","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1\u03b1-heme oxygenase 1 axis, a powerful antioxidative pathway with potential to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"32","author":"Waldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7954","article-title":"The effects of heme oxygenase upregulation on obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, S.K., Chen, S.E., and Chang, L.C. (2018). A dual role of heme oxygenase-1 in cancer cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010039"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"23","article-title":"Heme oxygenase inhibition in cancers: Possible tools and targets","volume":"22","author":"Podkalicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678352","article-title":"Carbon monoxide: A putative neural messenger","volume":"259","author":"Verma","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104802","article-title":"Endogenous carbon monoxide production in man","volume":"42","author":"Coburn","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/00365514909069943","article-title":"Endogenous production of carbon monoxide in man under normal and pathophysiological conditions","volume":"1","author":"Sjostrand","year":"1949","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00915.x","article-title":"The formation of carbon monoxide by the decomposition of hemoglobin in vivo","volume":"26","author":"Sjostrand","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.517","article-title":"The heme oxygenase system: A regulator of second messenger gases","volume":"37","author":"Maines","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/74680","article-title":"Carbon monoxide has anti-inflammatory effects involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"6","author":"Otterbein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"L688","article-title":"Carbon monoxide provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury","volume":"276","author":"Otterbein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63610-3","article-title":"MKK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates carbon monoxide-induced protection against oxidant-induced lung injury","volume":"163","author":"Otterbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060845","article-title":"Carbon monoxide differentially inhibits TLR signaling pathways by regulating ROS-induced trafficking of TLRs to lipid rafts","volume":"203","author":"Nakahira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0712437","article-title":"The heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide pathway suppresses TLR4 signaling by regulating the interaction of TLR4 with caveolin-1","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1058","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00400.2014","article-title":"Carbon monoxide negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages","volume":"308","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72853","article-title":"Macrophages sense and kill bacteria through carbon monoxide-dependent inflammasome activation","volume":"124","author":"Wegiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1015","article-title":"Carbon monoxide generated by heme oxygenase 1 suppresses endothelial cell apoptosis","volume":"192","author":"Brouard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208419200","article-title":"Carbon monoxide inhibition of apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury is dependent on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and involves caspase 3","volume":"278","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5368","article-title":"Carbon monoxide confers protection in sepsis by enhancing beclin 1-dependent autophagy and phagocytosis","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0196-87","article-title":"Heme oxygenase: A novel target for the modulation of the inflammatory response","volume":"2","author":"Willis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6378","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202969","article-title":"Inhaled carbon monoxide accelerates resolution of inflammation via unique proresolving mediator-heme oxygenase-1 circuits","volume":"190","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0299OC","article-title":"The regulation of pro-resolving lipid mediator profiles in baboon pneumonia by inhaled carbon monoxide","volume":"53","author":"Dalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1021\/bi2015629","article-title":"A \u201csliding scale rule\u201d for selectivity among NO, CO, and O\u2082 by heme protein sensors","volume":"51","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1970.tb49786.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial responses to carbon monoxide toxicity","volume":"174","author":"Chance","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.03.012","article-title":"Carbon monoxide orchestrates a protective response through PPARgamma","volume":"24","author":"Bilban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0352OC","article-title":"Carbon monoxide activates autophagy via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6644com","article-title":"Carbon monoxide signals via inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species","volume":"21","author":"Zuckerbraun","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101470","article-title":"CO-mediated cytoprotection is dependent on cell metabolism modulation","volume":"32","author":"Soares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609611104","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha stabilization by carbon monoxide results in cytoprotective preconditioning","volume":"104","author":"Chin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.033","article-title":"A carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) uncouples mitochondrial respiration and modulates the production of reactive oxygen species","volume":"50","author":"Boczkowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.055137","article-title":"Heme-oxygenase-1 induction and carbon monoxide-releasing molecule inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced high-mobility group box 1 release in vitro and improve survival of mice in LPS- and cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model in vivo","volume":"76","author":"Tsoyi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stucki, D., Steinhausen, J., Westhoff, P., Krahl, H., Brilhaus, D., Massenberg, A., Weber, A.P.M., Reichert, A.S., Brenneisen, P., and Stahl, W. (2020). Endogenous carbon monoxide signaling modulates mitochondrial function and intracellular glucose utilization: Impact of the heme oxygenase substrate hemin. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080652"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2015.07.004","article-title":"Carbon monoxide released by CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis in endothelial cells: A role for mitoBKCa channels","volume":"1847","author":"Kaczara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0286-x","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt pathway-mediated HO-1 induction regulates mitochondrial quality control and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury","volume":"99","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36530","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36530","article-title":"Effect of heme oxygenase-1 on mitofusin-1 protein in LPS-induced ALI\/ARDS in rats","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001333","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide-regulated mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium contributes to the attenuation of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats and in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages","volume":"125","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.148049","article-title":"Carbon monoxide rescues mice from lethal sepsis by supporting mitochondrial energetic metabolism and activating mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"329","author":"Lancel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"3730","article-title":"The CO\/HO system reverses inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents murine doxorubicin cardiomyopathy","volume":"117","author":"Suliman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03318","article-title":"A new activating role for CO in cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Suliman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1112-x","article-title":"Carbon monoxide-induced TFEB nuclear translocation enhances mitophagy\/mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocytes and ameliorates inflammatory liver injury","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351142","article-title":"Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs): Vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"35","author":"Motterlini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2169fje","article-title":"CORM-A1: A new pharmacologically active carbon monoxide-releasing molecule","volume":"19","author":"Motterlini","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.12.014","article-title":"Vascular and angiogenic activities of CORM-401, an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule","volume":"102","author":"Ratovonantenaina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.006","article-title":"Dicarbonyl-bis(cysteamine)iron(II): A light induced carbon monoxide releasing molecule based on iron (CORM-S1)","volume":"105","author":"Kretschmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6801","DOI":"10.1039\/C5DT04849D","article-title":"PhotoCORMs: CO release moves into the visible","volume":"45","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3782fje","article-title":"Carbon monoxide pretreatment prevents respiratory derangement and ameliorates hyperacute endotoxic shock in pigs","volume":"19","author":"Mazzola","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00366.2009","article-title":"Evaluation of inhaled carbon monoxide as an anti-inflammatory therapy in a nonhuman primate model of lung inflammation","volume":"299","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L834","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00240.2015","article-title":"Effects of inhaled CO administration on acute lung injury in baboons with pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"309","author":"Fredenburgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.1173","article-title":"Inhalation of carbon monoxide following resuscitation ameliorates hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury","volume":"7","author":"Kawanishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"185","article-title":"Protective effect of carbon monoxide inhalation on lung injury after hemorrhagic shock\/resuscitation in rats","volume":"69","author":"Kanagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"3429","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 on acute lung injury after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation","volume":"17","author":"Kumada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32730","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide enhances the host defense response to microbial sepsis in mice","volume":"118","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31819efa31","article-title":"Carbon monoxide prevents ventilator-induced lung injury via caveolin-1","volume":"37","author":"Hoetzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1265OC","article-title":"Carbon monoxide protects against ventilator-induced lung injury via PPAR-gamma and inhibition of Egr-1","volume":"177","author":"Hoetzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-023OC","article-title":"Inhaled carbon monoxide confers antiinflammatory effects against ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"170","author":"Dolinay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63646-2","article-title":"Carbon monoxide induces cytoprotection in rat orthotopic lung transplantation via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects","volume":"163","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.03.004","article-title":"Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation prevents ischemia\/reperfusion injury of transplanted rat lung grafts","volume":"140","author":"Kohmoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01940.x","article-title":"Carbon monoxide protects rat lung transplants from ischemia-reperfusion injury via a mechanism involving p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"7","author":"Kohmoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.06.026","article-title":"Carbon monoxide saturated preservation solution protects lung grafts from ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"136","author":"Kohmoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F324","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00026.2005","article-title":"Low dose carbon monoxide inhalation prevents development of chronic allograft nephropathy","volume":"290","author":"Neto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F979","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00158.2004","article-title":"Protection of transplant-induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury with carbon monoxide","volume":"287","author":"Neto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F19","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90728.2008","article-title":"Low-dose carbon monoxide inhibits progressive chronic allograft nephropathy and restores renal allograft function","volume":"297","author":"Nakao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2174\/138920112800399266","article-title":"Application of carbon monoxide for transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Nakao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1089\/104303401750195926","article-title":"Transfer of heme oxygenase 1 cDNA by a replication-deficient adenovirus enhances interleukin 10 production from alveolar macrophages that attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"12","author":"Inoue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301540","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated transfer of heme oxygenase-1 cDNA attenuates severe lung injury induced by the influenza virus in mice","volume":"8","author":"Hashiba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36993","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302942200","article-title":"Suppression of inflammatory cytokine production by carbon monoxide involves the JNK pathway and AP-1","volume":"278","author":"Morse","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2622","article-title":"Heat shock factor-1 mediates the cytoprotective effect of carbon monoxide","volume":"175","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0643fje","article-title":"Carbon monoxide protection against endotoxic shock involves reciprocal effects on iNOS in the lung and liver","volume":"18","author":"Sarady","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903419106","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria","volume":"106","author":"Seixas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1586","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide suppress the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"13","author":"Pamplona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158698","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4158698","article-title":"Association of heme oxygenase 1 with lung protection in malaria-associated ALI\/ARDS","volume":"2016","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epiphanio, S., Campos, M.G., Pamplona, A., Carapau, D., Pena, A.C., Ata\u00edde, R., Monteiro, C.A., F\u00e9lix, N., Costa-Silva, A., and Marinho, C.R. (2010). VEGF promotes malaria-associated acute lung injury in mice. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000916"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05571-11","article-title":"A novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecule fully protects mice from severe malaria","volume":"56","author":"Pena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002998","article-title":"Systemic administration of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 protects the skeletal muscle in porcine model of compartment syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Bihari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124039","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124039","article-title":"A phase I trial of low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide in sepsis-induced ARDS","volume":"3","author":"Fredenburgh","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421806","article-title":"Medical progress: The acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Ware","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury","volume":"353","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000124869.86399.F2","article-title":"Lung heme oxygenase-1 is elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Mumby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L161","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00169.2007","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory syndrome and acute lung injury: Role of iron mobilization and decompartmentalization","volume":"294","author":"Lagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","unstructured":"Furguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Boonyasiri, A., Cucunub\u00e1, Z., and Cuomo-Dannenburg, G. (2020, September 19). Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. Report 9: Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand. Available online: https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/media\/imperial-college\/medicine\/sph\/ide\/gida-fellowships\/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagener, F.A.D.T.G., Pickkers, P., Peterson, S.J., Immenschuh, S., and Abraham, N.G. (2020). Targeting the heme-heme oxygenase system to prevent severe complications following COVID-19 infections. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060540"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-020-01126-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and heme oxygenase: Novel insight into the disease and potential therapies","volume":"25","author":"Hooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0331OC","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 contributes to lethality of endotoxemia in heme oxygenase-1-deficient mice","volume":"41","author":"Takamiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3590","article-title":"Heme drives hemolysis-induced susceptibility to infection via disruption of phagocyte functions","volume":"17","author":"Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001020","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 protects the liver from septic injury by modulating TLR4-mediated mitochondrial quality control in mice","volume":"50","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.12.025","article-title":"Carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase-1 prevent intestinal inflammation in mice by promoting bacterial clearance","volume":"144","author":"Onyiah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0892OC","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome deficiency protects against microbial sepsis via increased lipoxin B4 synthesis","volume":"196","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-017-0603-8","article-title":"Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-3 improves myocardial function in mice with sepsis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20595","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160920595","article-title":"Exogenous carbon monoxide decreases sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1575-4","article-title":"Beneficial effects of the heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide system in patients with severe sepsis\/septic shock","volume":"36","author":"Takaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200808-082GO","article-title":"Primary graft dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.11.007","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"105","author":"Bharat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21650","article-title":"Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.173","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of heme oxygenase isoenzymes by metalloporphyrins","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1139\/Y08-066","article-title":"Inhibitors of the heme oxygenase\u2014Carbon monoxide system: On the doorstep of the clinic?","volume":"86","author":"Kinobe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706555","article-title":"Selectivity of imidazole-dioxolane compounds for in vitro inhibition of microsomal haem oxygenase isoforms","volume":"147","author":"Kinobe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2017_2542","article-title":"Pharmacological versus genetic inhibition of heme oxygenase-1\u2014the comparison of metalloporphyrins, shRNA and CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"65","author":"Mucha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S.P., Greenberg, M., Glick, Y., Singh, S.P., Bellner, L., Favero, G., Rezzani, R., Rodella, L.F., Agostinucci, K., and Shapiro, J.I. (2020). Adipocyte specific HO-1 gene therapy is effective in antioxidant treatment of insulin resistance and vascular function in an obese mice model. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010040"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639541","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/639541","article-title":"Therapeutic roles of heme oxygenase-1 in metabolic diseases: Curcumin and resveratrol analogues as possible inducers of heme oxygenase-1","volume":"2013","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117065","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 contributes to the protective effect of resveratrol against endothelial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"239","author":"Hammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01467","article-title":"Naturally derived heme-oxygenase 1 inducers and their therapeutic application to immune-mediated diseases","volume":"11","author":"Funes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6571","article-title":"Control of oxidative stress and inflammation in sickle cell disease with the Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate","volume":"26","author":"Belcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-0292-8","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in intensive care medicine-time to start the therapeutic application?!","volume":"8","author":"Goebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180723161811","article-title":"Where is the clinical breakthrough of heme oxygenase-1 \/ carbon monoxide therapeutics?","volume":"24","author":"Hopper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-446OC","article-title":"Effects of carbon monoxide inhalation during experimental endotoxemia in humans","volume":"171","author":"Mayr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00163206","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled carbon monoxide in patients with COPD: A pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Bathoorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.09.052","article-title":"A Phase II clinical trial of low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"153","author":"Rosas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15317c","article-title":"Developing drug molecules for therapy with carbon monoxide","volume":"41","author":"Seixas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b01153","article-title":"Carbon monoxide and its controlled release: Therapeutic application, detection, and development of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs)","volume":"61","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.11.002","article-title":"Localized delivery of carbon monoxide","volume":"118","author":"Steiger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00402","article-title":"Development of triggerable, trackable, and targetable carbon monoxide releasing molecules","volume":"53","author":"Lazarus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acc. Chem Res."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/9\/11\/1153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:34:38Z","timestamp":1760178878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/9\/11\/1153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox9111153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9111153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]}}}