{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:06:44Z","timestamp":1782144404629,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cultivation of oleaginous yeasts on various agro-industrial residues and the subsequent production of microbial lipids (single-cell oils), which can be used as starting materials for the synthesis of both \u201csecond generation\u201d biodiesel and various types of oleochemicals, is considered as one of the most important approaches of the Industrial Biotechnology, in terms of circular economy and green and sustainable development. In this study, seven wild-type non-conventional yeast strains were evaluated for their growth on a semi-defined medium with cheese whey lactose as a sole carbon source. Five of these strains were further batch-cultivated into the complex substrate that contained second cheese whey, which is the main by-product of Mizithra whey cheese manufacture, after centrifugation and filtration without any extra mineral salts, carbon, or nitrogen source addition. All these five strains grown in second cheese whey produced mainly yeast biomass and to lesser extent microbial lipids and other interesting metabolites, such as polysaccharides. The strain Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 produced the highest total dry weight (TDW) amount (22.4 g\/L), that contained 3.4 g\/L of intra-cellular lipids, followed by C. curvatus NRRL Y-1511, which produced 20.6 g\/L of TDW and 3.2 g\/L lipids. A novel, non-previously systematically studied strain, namely Papiliotrema laurentii NRRL Y-2536, produced significant quantities of TDW (22.0 g\/L) and, interestingly, secreted quantities of exopolysaccharides. Fed-batch shake-flask cultivation of C. curvatus ATCC 20509 in pretreated second cheese whey, pulse-supplemented with condensed cheese whey-derived lactose, led to the significant TDW quantity of 38.1 g\/L that contained c. 57% w\/w of total lipids (lipids at a concentration 21.7 g\/L were produced). Cellular lipids of all microorganisms, mainly stored as triacylglycerols, contained in variable quantities the fatty acids \u03949C18:1, C16:0, \u03949,12C18:2 and C18:0, constituting perfect candidates for the synthesis of \u201csecond generation\u201d biodiesel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app122211471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:26:37Z","timestamp":1668392797000},"page":"11471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Biotechnological Conversions of Mizithra Second Cheese Whey by Wild-Type Non-Conventional Yeast Strains: Production of Yeast Cell Biomass, Single-Cell Oil and Polysaccharides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Vasilakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Karayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofilos","family":"Massouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seraphim","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., and Van Woerden, F. 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