{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:51:08Z","timestamp":1783335068439,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["1K08DE030235-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08DE030235-01A1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Speech is a communication method found only in humans that relies on precisely articulated sounds to encode and express thoughts. Anatomical differences in the maxilla, mandible, tooth position, and vocal tract affect tongue placement and broadly influence the patterns of airflow and resonance during speech production. Alterations in these structures can create perceptual distortions in speech known as speech sound disorders (SSDs). As craniofacial development occurs, the vocal tract, jaws, and teeth change in parallel with stages of speech development, from babbling to adult phonation. Alterations from a normal Class 1 dental and skeletal relationship can impact speech. Dentofacial disharmony (DFD) patients have jaw disproportions, with a high prevalence of SSDs, where the severity of malocclusion correlates with the degree of speech distortion. DFD patients often seek orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, but there is limited familiarity among dental providers on the impacts of malocclusion and its correction on speech. We sought to review the interplay between craniofacial and speech development and the impacts of orthodontic and surgical treatment on speech. Shared knowledge can facilitate collaborations between dental specialists and speech pathologists for the proper diagnosis, referral, and treatment of DFD patients with speech pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app13095496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T05:46:06Z","timestamp":1682660766000},"page":"5496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impacts of Development, Dentofacial Disharmony, and Its Surgical Correction on Speech: A Narrative Review for Dental Professionals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Bode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nare","family":"Ghaltakhchyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rezende Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 1116 Bioinformatics Building, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, USA"},{"name":"Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 365 S Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Turvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Mielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"English Department, North Carolina State University, Tompkins Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Pathology Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1923-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Jacox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics and Oral Surgery Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 201 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01494-7","article-title":"The Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Review","volume":"4","author":"Fitch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. 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