{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:21:23Z","timestamp":1770492083345,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ARM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a lot of evidence to suggest that patients infected with the COVID-19 and influenza viruses are at risk of atherosclerosis. Additionally, there are heterogeneous studies on the risk of arthrosclerosis in patients infected with the influenza and COVID-19 viruses. We conducted a case\u2013control and cross-sectional study and examined the association between the risk of atherosclerosis, and influenza virus (IV-A and IV-B) and\u00a0COVID-19 infections in this study. We searched for keywords such as influenza virus, COVID-19 and atherosclerosis in English and Persian in well-known databases such as PubMed, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar. In this study, we analyzed the information using a meta-analysis, the random effect model, the I2 index and STAT (version 11.2). The results from the analysis of ten studies on influenza virus and nine studies on COVID-19 reviewed individually (totaling 6428 samples for influenza virus infections and 10,785 samples for COVID-19 infections) demonstrated a risk of arthrosclerosis in patients with influenza and COVID-19 infections, with an OR (odds ratio) = 0.45 ((95% CI): 0.25 to 0.64) and an OR (odds ratio) = 1.04 ((95% CI): 0.82 to 1.26), respectively. The present study provides new insights into the risk of atherosclerosis in patients infected with the COVID-19 and influenza viruses. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider different strategies for managing and eradicating viral infections among individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/arm90040043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T03:40:32Z","timestamp":1660621232000},"page":"338-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between Influenza and COVID-19 Viruses and the Risk of Atherosclerosis: Meta-Analysis Study and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Jalili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kourosh","family":"Sayehmiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931851147, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Pourhossein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Azizi Jalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240122200472","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526522666220124110547","article-title":"An Overview of Antiviral Properties of Bacteriophages with Emphasis on the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection","volume":"22","author":"Jalili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. 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