{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:33:06Z","timestamp":1787027586813,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Research Vice Chancellor of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ARM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of administering a surfactant through a fine intra-tracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing with the usual INSURE method in premature infants. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome who required surfactant administration were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group (MIST) and a control group (INSURE). The treatment results were compared in terms of complications related to treatment (desaturation, apnea, bradycardia, and surfactant reflux), respiratory complications (requirement for mechanical ventilation, duration of nCPAP, duration of oxygen requirement, frequency of pneumothorax, and pulmonary hemorrhage), complications related to prematurity (incidence of IVH, NEC, BPD, and PDA), the need for a second dose of surfactant, and the duration of hospitalization. Results: a total of 160 premature babies with a gestational age of 26\u201334 weeks were randomly divided into two groups. The results showed that the need for mechanical ventilation, the duration of CPAP needed, and the duration of oxygen therapy were significantly lower in the MIST group than in the INSURE group. Additionally, the incidence of BPD was less common in the MIST group compared to the INSURE group. However, surfactant reflux was more common in the MIST group than in the INSURE group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in other outcomes, including the length of hospital stay and complications such as IVH, PDA, NEC, pneumothorax, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that the less invasive method of surfactant therapy (MIST) is a feasible, effective, and low-risk alternative to the INSURE method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/arm92050036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:54:27Z","timestamp":1728636867000},"page":"384-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparing the Effects of Two Surfactant Administration Methods: Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy (MIST) with Intubation (INSURE) in Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Boskabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Behmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamali","family":"Maamouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Loghmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolrasoul","family":"Rangrazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"},{"name":"Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91388-13944, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.31","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Sankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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