{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:57:49Z","timestamp":1792803469286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022\/07841-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/07841-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2022\/07841-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/07841-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ddkpn78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)\u2014Brazil","award":["88887.836963\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.836963\/2023-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["88887.836963\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.836963\/2023-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ARM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: A substantial proportion of infected individuals develop persistent symptoms after the acute phase of COVID-19, regardless of initial disease severity. Long COVID (LC) remains a public health challenge characterized by impaired functional exercise capacity (FEC) and quality of life (QoL). We systematically synthesized evidence on the effects of in-person outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (OPR) with individualized and supervised exercise in adults with LC. Methods: Following PROSPERO (CRD42023389365), this study reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies (OCSs) published between November 2019 and January 2026 in MEDLINE\/PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, and EMBASE. Results: Fifteen studies (n = 803) were included. OPR improved FEC (6MWT; MD: 53.72 m, 95% CI 43.69\u201363.75) and 30\u2033SST (MD: 4.68, 95% CI 3.59\u20135.77) and reduced exertional dyspnea. RCTs showed benefits in physical (MD: 8.04, 95% CI 3.02\u201313.05) and mental QoL (MD: 6.60, 95% CI 2.01\u201311.18) and dyspnea impact, with inconsistent PF findings. Fatigue showed a trend toward improvement but was measured using heterogeneous patient-reported tools in RCTs and OCSs. Conclusions: Supervised PR improves FEC, QoL, and dyspnea in individuals with LC. In patients with fatigue\/PEM, systematic assessment and continuous symptom monitoring are essential. High-quality controlled studies are needed to strengthen evidence and clinical guide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/arm94020025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:55:12Z","timestamp":1775807712000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7617-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne Marques","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicine (Undergraduate Program), University of Gurupi (UNIRG), Gurupi 77403-080, Tocantins, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Midori","family":"Nakaishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Course, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Gontijo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, Tocantins, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4066-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Oliveira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9845-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada Clarice","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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