{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:02:16Z","timestamp":1784883736047,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv. Respir. Med.","ARM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug delivery systems (DDS) may improve the therapeutic performance of chemotherapy in lung cancer, but their preclinical efficacy has not been quantitatively synthesized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled in vivo mouse studies evaluating DDS-based chemotherapeutic formulations for lung cancer. Databases were searched from inception to 15 February 2025, and methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool. Thirty studies comprising 47 experiments were included. Compared with corresponding free-drug treatments, DDS-based chemotherapy significantly reduced tumor volume (WMD \u2212310.67 mm3; 95% CI: \u2212375.51 to \u2212245.83; p &lt; 0.001), although substantial heterogeneity was observed. Both targeted and non-targeted DDS were associated with tumor growth inhibition, and targeted formulations showed a larger average reduction; however, this finding should be interpreted in light of differences in formulation properties, tumor models, and treatment protocols. Nanoparticle, liposomal, and micellar platforms all demonstrated significant antitumor effects, while combination DDS and docetaxel- or cisplatin-based systems showed large effects in subgroup analyses with variable sample sizes. These findings support the continued development of DDS-based chemotherapy for lung cancer, but standardized reporting of nanocarrier characterization, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and rigorous animal-study design is required to improve reproducibility and translational relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/arm94040050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:36:13Z","timestamp":1784878573000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9928-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranvera","family":"Breznica Selmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlinda Daka","family":"Grapci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blerina","family":"Koshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zana","family":"Sllamniku Dalipi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7160-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozafa","family":"Koliqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolarz, B., \u0141ukasiewicz, H., Samulak, D., Piekarska, E., Ko\u0142aci\u0144ski, R., and Romanowicz, H. (2025). Lung cancer: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and molecular aspect. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052049"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2024-1950","article-title":"Lung cancer in young individuals; risk factors and epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Sumiya","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neupane, B.K., Acharya, B., Cao, C., Xu, M., Bhattarai, H., Yang, Y., and Wang, S. (2024). A systematic review of spatial and temporal epidemiological approaches focusing on lung cancer risk associated with particulate matter. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20431-x"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-23-0613","article-title":"Lung cancer in ever- and never-smokers: Findings from multi-population GWAS studies","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.0043","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 7.2025","volume":"23","author":"Riely","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000066516","article-title":"Combined intrapleural and intravenous chemotherapy, and pulmonary irradiation, for treatment of patients with lung cancer presenting with malignant pleural effusion. A pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Su","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-1831","article-title":"Application of Design of Expert software for evaluating the influence of formulation variables on the encapsulation efficacy, drug content and particle size of PEO-PPO-PEO\/Poly (DL-lactide-co-caprolactone) nanoparticles as carriers for SN-38","volume":"4","author":"Koliqi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Pharm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"577151","article-title":"Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2174\/0122117385307311240506104035","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles for wound healing","volume":"13","author":"Koliqi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.108","article-title":"Cancer nanomedicine: Progress, challenges and opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02758-1","article-title":"Nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery via inhalational route for lung cancer therapy: A systematic and updated review","volume":"25","author":"Ara","year":"2024","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"261","article-title":"Inhalable nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12217","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S548088","article-title":"Current Advances in Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Zeinali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., Liu, X., Lu, X., and Tian, J. (2023). Nanoparticle drug delivery systems for synergistic delivery of tumor therapy. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1111991"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, Z., Siraj, A.A., Lowry, I., Ruan, E., Patel, R., Gao, W., Kalin, T.V., and Kalinichenko, V.V. (2025). Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for synergistic therapy in lung cancers. Bioengineering, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12090968"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Peer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114795","article-title":"Research progress of co-delivery nanoparticle drug delivery systems in non-small cell lung cancer: A review","volume":"254","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10246","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10246","article-title":"Nanoparticles in the clinic: An update","volume":"6","author":"Anselmo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3330","article-title":"Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery","volume":"33","author":"Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"258","article-title":"Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for brain cancer treatment: Recent progress and future prospects","volume":"345","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"87","article-title":"Current advances in nanotechnology for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooijmans, C.R., Rovers, M.M., de Vries, R.B., Leenaars, M., Ritskes-Hoitinga, M., and Langendam, M.W. (2014). SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hozo, S.P., Djulbegovic, B., and Hozo, I. (2005). Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.04.001","article-title":"Overcoming tumor resistance to cisplatin by cationic lipid-assisted prodrug nanoparticles","volume":"94","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109225","article-title":"Synergistic combination therapy of lung cancer: Cetuximab functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers for the co-delivery of paclitaxel and 5-Demethylnobiletin","volume":"118","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42150","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6243","article-title":"Co-delivery of cisplatin and paclitaxel by folic acid conjugated amphiphilic PEG-PLGA copolymer nanoparticles for the treatment of non-small lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.02.021","article-title":"Glutathione-responsive biodegradable polyurethane nanoparticles for lung cancer treatment","volume":"321","author":"Iyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.4863","article-title":"Docetaxel-loaded PEG-albumin nanoparticles with improved antitumor efficiency against non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"36","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"205","article-title":"Synergistic combination chemotherapy of lung cancer: Cisplatin and doxorubicin conjugated prodrug loaded, glutathione and pH sensitive nanocarriers","volume":"255","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.02.030","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles containing taxanes enhance chemoradiotherapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"84","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.07.046","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of a peptide\u2013paclitaxel conjugate which targets the integrin \u03b1v\u03b26","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01575B","article-title":"PD-L1-targeted microbubbles loaded with docetaxel produce a synergistic effect for the treatment of lung cancer under ultrasound irradiation","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.08.042","article-title":"Targeting docetaxel-PLA nanoparticles simultaneously inhibit tumor growth and liver metastases of small cell lung cancer","volume":"494","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-014-0037-5","article-title":"Anticancer drug-loaded multifunctional nanoparticles to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy in lung cancer metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02787-4","article-title":"Enhancement of paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells by 17-allylamino geldanamycin: In vitro and in vivo analysis","volume":"72","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S396863","article-title":"Bacteria-driven tumor microenvironment-sensitive nanoparticles targeting hypoxic regions enhances the chemotherapy outcome of lung cancer","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S290263","article-title":"Synergistic antitumor efficacy mediated by liposomal co-delivery of polymeric micelles of vinorelbine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.11.026","article-title":"Polypeptide-based combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin for enhanced chemotherapy efficacy and reduced side-effects","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.09.033","article-title":"Enhanced efficacy of local etoposide delivery by poly (ether-anhydride) particles against small cell lung cancer in vivo","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.137","article-title":"RGD peptide-modified, paclitaxel prodrug-based, dual-drugs loaded, and redox-sensitive lipid-polymer nanoparticles for the enhanced lung cancer therapy","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.1951894","article-title":"Docetaxel-loaded exosomes for targeting non-small cell lung cancer: Preparation and evaluation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.004","article-title":"Combating cisplatin-resistant lung cancer using a coiled-coil lipopeptides modified membrane fused drug delivery system","volume":"379","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S246574","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy of lung cancer\u2013co-delivery of docetaxel prodrug and cisplatin using aptamer-decorated lipid\u2013polymer hybrid nanoparticles","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.11.005","article-title":"Co-delivery of polymeric metformin and cisplatin by self-assembled core-membrane nanoparticles to treat non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"244","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.04.010","article-title":"Effect of molecular weight of PGG\u2013paclitaxel conjugates on in vitro and in vivo efficacy","volume":"161","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114146","article-title":"Cisplatin-loaded gold nanoshells mediate chemo-photothermal therapy against primary and distal lung cancers growth","volume":"158","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.07.022","article-title":"Systemic delivery of micelles loading with paclitaxel using N-succinyl-palmitoyl-chitosan decorated with cRGDyK peptide to inhibit non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"492","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"2119","article-title":"A novel paclitaxel-loaded poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)-Tween 80 copolymer nanoparticle overcoming multidrug resistance for lung cancer treatment","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47080-3","article-title":"Nanoparticles targeting mutant p53 overcome chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7809","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4634-1","article-title":"Hemocompatibility of folic-acid-conjugated amphiphilic PEG-PLGA copolymer nanoparticles for co-delivery of cisplatin and paclitaxel: Treatment effects for non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802112","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201802112","article-title":"Improving drug delivery of micellar paclitaxel against non-small cell lung cancer by coloading itraconazole as a micelle stabilizer and a tumor vascular manipulator","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1947","article-title":"Paclitaxel-loaded poly (glycolide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone)-b-D-\u03b1-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 2000 succinate nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1815897","article-title":"Co-drug delivery of regorafenib and cisplatin with amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles: Enhanced in vivo antitumor cancer therapy in nursing care","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.05.023","article-title":"Advances in combination therapy of lung cancer: Rationales, delivery technologies and dosage regimens","volume":"260","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"72","article-title":"Innovations in nanoparticle-based drug delivery for lung cancer: Recent developments and future horizons","volume":"13","author":"Shendge","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nanomed. J."}],"container-title":["Advances in Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2543-6031\/94\/4\/50\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:14:29Z","timestamp":1784880869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2543-6031\/94\/4\/50"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["arm94040050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arm94040050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2543-6031"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2543-6031","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]}}}