{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:10:04Z","timestamp":1769515804232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Program &quot;Environmental Protection and Reduction of Risks of Adverse Events and Natural Disasters&quot;","award":["\u041401-322\/18.12.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u041401-322\/18.12.2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The habitants of Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria, are unfortunately exposed to high levels of particulate matter (PM), despite a lot of efforts made by the government and the municipality in recent decades. A high resolution model using the Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System (ADMS)-Urban was carried out for one year (2014) with elevated levels of PM concentration for the Sofia region measured during the winter. Four main emission sources (point industrial, domestic heating, roads, and unorganized transport) were taken into account for this study. This works intends to evaluate the impacts of different sources on the air pollution and quality of life in Sofia city. Although this type of modeling only accounts for the local sources, and has some deficiency, it can be a very useful tool for estimating the contribution of each source type to the concentration field, and it allows simulating different scenarios for future emission reduction that can help authorities with decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12040423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessment of the Contribution of Different Particulate Matter Sources on Pollution in Sofia City"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reneta","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University \u201cSt. K. Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margret","family":"Velizarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University \u201cSt. K. Ohridski\u201d, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2021, January 09). Air Quality in Europe\u20142017 Report, EEA Report No 13\/2017. Available online: https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/air-quality-in-europe-2017."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oke, T.R., Mills, G., Christen, A., and Voogt, J.A. 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