{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:37:58Z","timestamp":1778672278443,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico (FONDECYT-ANID)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11201142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11201142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vestibular assessment tests such as the video head impulse test (vHIT) for the horizontal semicircular canal, and caloric test (Cal), both evaluate horizontal canal function. One would assume that the outcomes for these tests should lead to concordant results, yet several studies have suggested that dissociation can occur in certain pathological conditions. As this topic remains inconclusive, this review aims to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the patterns of hypofunction observed in vHIT and Cal in different otoneurological diseases. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding dissociation between these tests in common neurotological diseases was carried out. Articles were analyzed when data for vHIT and Cal were described in a way that it was possible to calculate discordance rates; both retrospective and prospective studies were analyzed. In this review, the discordance rates were as follows: 56% in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease, 51.5% in vestibular migraine, 37.2% in vestibular schwannoma, and 20.8% in vestibular neuritis. These results highlight the benefit of using both Cal and vHIT, and that they are complementary tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres12040043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T21:09:18Z","timestamp":1659992958000},"page":"423-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dissociation between Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Dizziness Clinics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Waissbluth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8330033, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7738-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8330033, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258","article-title":"The Video Head Impulse Test","volume":"8","author":"Halmagyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03730.x","article-title":"Impulsive Testing of Semicircular-Canal Function Using Video-Oculography","volume":"1164","author":"Weber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bacf85","article-title":"The Video Head Impulse Test: Diagnostic Accuracy in Peripheral Vestibulopathy","volume":"73","author":"MacDougall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Baloh, R.W., and Honrubia, V. (1990). Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200311000-00016","article-title":"Head-Impulse and Caloric Tests in Patients With Dizziness","volume":"24","author":"Perez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000231593.03090.23","article-title":"Caloric and Rotatory Chair Test Results in Patients with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"27","author":"Fernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"310","article-title":"New indications for the rotating chair test for side localization and determination of central compensation in vestibular function disorder","volume":"40","author":"Allum","year":"1992","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0040","article-title":"The Dissociation of Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and Bithermal Caloric Test Results Provide Topological Localization of Vestibular System Impairment in Patients With \u201cDefinite\u201d M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"24","author":"McCaslin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1015606","article-title":"What Does the Dissociation between the Results of Video Head Impulse versus Caloric Testing Reveal about the Vestibular Dysfunction in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease?","volume":"135","author":"McGarvie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510033667","article-title":"Search-Coil Head-Thrust and Caloric Tests in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"125","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2723-6","article-title":"Relation of Video-Head-Impulse Test and Caloric Irrigation: A Study on the Recovery in Unilateral Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"271","author":"Zellhuber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3397-4","article-title":"Study of the Relationship between the Video Head Impulse Test and Air Calorics","volume":"272","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"156","article-title":"Relationship between Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and Caloric Test in Patients with Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"67","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol. Esp."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1185540","article-title":"Video Head Impulse in Comparison to Caloric Testing in Unilateral Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"136","author":"Dawes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000526","article-title":"Laboratory Examinations for the Vestibular System","volume":"31","author":"Rosengren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2014.64","article-title":"The Caloric Test and the Video Head-Impulse Test in Patients with Vertigo","volume":"10","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695179","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.695179","article-title":"Similarities and Differences Between Vestibular and Cochlear Systems-A Review of Clinical and Physiological Evidence","volume":"15","author":"Curthoys","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100622","article-title":"Mapping of the Cristae Ampullares in Man","volume":"81","author":"Rosenhall","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2020.16.2.277","article-title":"Dissociated Results between Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Dizziness: Prevalence, Pattern, Lesion Location, and Etiology","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150549","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Meni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"25","author":"Carey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.11.1149","article-title":"Time Course of Episodes of Definitive Vertigo in Meniere\u2019s Disease","volume":"134","author":"Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00415","article-title":"The Clinical Utility of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Diagnosis of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Maheu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"77","article-title":"Meniere\u2019s Disease","volume":"82","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.309","article-title":"Cervical VEMP Tuning Changes by Meniere\u2019s Disease Stages","volume":"4","author":"Angeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline: M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"162","author":"Basura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05735-8","article-title":"Video Head Impulse Test and Caloric Test in Definite M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"277","author":"Limviriyakul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2019.10.008","article-title":"Diagnostic Assessment of Patients with Meniere\u2019s Disease through Caloric Testing and the Video-Head-Impulse Test","volume":"87","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26103","article-title":"Comparison of Caloric and Head-Impulse Tests during the Attacks of Meniere\u2019s Disease","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1354395","article-title":"Comparative Study between the Caloric Vestibular and the Video-Head Impulse Tests in Unilateral Meni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"137","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2376-5","article-title":"Caloric Test and Video-Head-Impulse: A Study of Vertigo\/dizziness Patients in a Community Hospital","volume":"271","author":"Mahringer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06272-5","article-title":"Comparison of the Results of Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Patients with Meniere\u2019s Disease and Vestibular Migraine","volume":"278","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto Rhino Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26122","article-title":"Discrepancies between Video Head Impulse and Caloric Tests in Patients with Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct","volume":"127","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.06.002","article-title":"Results in Caloric Test, Video Head Impulse Test and Inner Ear MRI in Patients with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"47","author":"Kitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09431-9","article-title":"Dissociation of Caloric and Head Impulse Tests: A Marker of Meniere\u2019s Disease","volume":"268","author":"Hannigan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1766700","article-title":"Comparison of the Video Head Impulse Test Results with Caloric Test in Patients with Meniere\u2019s Disease and Other Vestibular Disorders","volume":"140","author":"Shugyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Oto Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10699-z","article-title":"Clinical, Oculographic and Vestibular Test Characteristics of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"269","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejentas.2021.77335.1371","article-title":"Sensitivity of Caloric Test versus Video Head Impulse Test for Detection of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Abnormalities in Meniere\u2019s Disease","volume":"23","author":"Sanyelbhaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Ear. Nose Throat Allied Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2017.08.008","article-title":"Comparison of Video Head Impulse Test and Caloric Reflex Test in Advanced Unilateral Definite Meni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"135","author":"Rubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.E., Kim, Y.K., Cho, Y.S., Lee, K., Park, H.W., Yoon, S.H., Kim, H.Y., and Chung, W.O. (2017). Morphological correlation between caloric tests and vestibular hydrops in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease using intravenous Gd enhanced inner ear MRI. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188301"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.2.1033","article-title":"Influence of Surgical Plugging on Horizontal Semicircular Canal Mechanics and Afferent Response Dynamics","volume":"82","author":"Rabbitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000160","article-title":"Use of HINTS in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome. An Overview","volume":"3","author":"Kattah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2021.02.008","article-title":"The Spectrum of Acute Vestibular Neuropathy through Modern Vestibular Testing: A Descriptive Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Yacovino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002476","article-title":"Lesion Patterns and Possible Implications for Recovery in Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy","volume":"41","author":"Navari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.202","article-title":"Video Head Impulse Test for Early Diagnosis of Vestibular Neuritis Among Acute Vertigo","volume":"44","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003223","article-title":"Vestibular Neuritis Affects Both Superior and Inferior Vestibular Nerves","volume":"87","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200107000-00018","article-title":"Anatomic Considerations in Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"22","author":"Goebel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2451-y","article-title":"Value of the Video Head Impulse Test in Assessing Vestibular Deficits Following Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"271","author":"Bartolomeo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/21695717.2020.1727237","article-title":"Caloric Test versus Video Head Impulse Test in Vestibular Neuritis Patients","volume":"19","author":"Mekki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear. Balance Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7905-2","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine: The Most Frequent Entity of Episodic Vertigo","volume":"263","author":"Dieterich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050478","article-title":"Episodic Vertigo Related to Migraine (90 Cases): Vestibular Migraine?","volume":"246","author":"Dieterich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2012-0453","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine: Diagnostic Criteria","volume":"22","author":"Lempert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402735","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine I: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Features","volume":"40","author":"Baloh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419869317","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine: An Update on Current Understanding and Future Directions","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1908129","article-title":"Do We Need to Reconsider the Classification of Vestibular Migraine?","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12129","article-title":"Comparison of Interictal Vestibular Function in Vestibular Migraine vs Migraine without Vertigo","volume":"53","author":"Boldingh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826e264f","article-title":"Vestibular Migraine: Long-Term Follow-up of Clinical Symptoms and Vestibulo-Cochlear Findings","volume":"79","author":"Radtke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.1168","article-title":"Purkinje Cells of Vestibulocerebellum Play an Important Role in Acute Vestibular Migraine","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13484","article-title":"The Spectrum of Vestibular Migraine: Clinical Features, Triggers, and Examination Findings","volume":"59","author":"Beh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2014.939300","article-title":"Caloric Stimulation and Video-Head Impulse Testing in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease and Vestibular Migraine","volume":"134","author":"Heinze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Oto Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12556","article-title":"Results of Video Head Impulse and Caloric Tests in 36 Patients with Vestibular Migraine and 23 Patients with Vestibular Neuritis: A Preliminary Report","volume":"41","author":"Yoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00166","article-title":"Vestibular Function Tests for Vestibular Migraine: Clinical Implication of Video Head Impulse and Caloric Tests","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762970","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.762970","article-title":"Altered Processing of Visual Stimuli in Vestibular Migraine Patients Between Attacks: A Combined VEP and sLORETA Study","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2017.12.002","article-title":"Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) in Migraine Dizziness","volume":"13","author":"ElSherif","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Otol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0015.5711","article-title":"The Visual-Ocular and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Vestibular Migraine","volume":"76","author":"Nowaczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01155-x","article-title":"Vestibular Schwannoma: What We Know and Where We Are Heading","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2217\/cns.12.30","article-title":"Management of Vestibular Schwannoma: Focus on Vertigo","volume":"2","author":"Dayal","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000668","article-title":"Predictors of Vertigo in Patients with Untreated Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107001028","article-title":"Nerve Origin of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Prospective Study","volume":"122","author":"Khrais","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87515-1","article-title":"Optimized Preoperative Determination of Nerve of Origin in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"11","author":"Rahne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e623","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002600","article-title":"Video Head Impulse Test Results in Patients With a Vestibular Schwannoma\u2014Sensitivity and Correlation With Other Vestibular System Function Tests, Hearing Acuity, and Tumor Size","volume":"41","author":"West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3042-2","article-title":"Horizontal VOR Function Shows Frequency Dynamics in Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"272","author":"Bloching","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819837244","article-title":"Associations of Video Head Impulse Test and Caloric Testing among Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"161","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."}],"container-title":["Audiology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/12\/4\/43\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:05:41Z","timestamp":1760141141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/12\/4\/43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["audiolres12040043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/audiolres12040043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-4349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-4349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]}}}