{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:18:59Z","timestamp":1785601139716,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the involvement of balance system abnormalities in the pathophysiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD-AG), we evaluated initial evidence for feasibility, acceptability, and potential clinical usefulness of 10 sessions of balance rehabilitation with peripheral visual stimulation (BR-PVS) in an open-pilot 5-week intervention study including six outpatients with PD-AG who presented residual agoraphobia after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy, dizziness in daily life, and peripheral visual hypersensitivity measured by posturography. Before and after BR-PVS, patients underwent posturography, otovestibular examination (no patients presented peripheral vestibular abnormalities), and panic-agoraphobic symptom and dizziness evaluation with psychometric tools. After BR-PVS, four patients achieved postural control normalization measured by posturography, and one patient exhibited a favorable trend of improvement. Overall, panic-agoraphobic symptoms and dizziness decreased, even though to a lesser extent in one patient who had not completed the rehabilitation sessions. The study presented reasonable levels of feasibility and acceptability. These findings suggest that balance evaluation should be considered in patients with PD-AGO presenting residual agoraphobia and that BR-PVS might be an adjunctive therapeutic option worth being tested in larger randomized controlled studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13030027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T04:36:15Z","timestamp":1682656575000},"page":"314-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Balance Rehabilitation with Peripheral Visual Stimulation in Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: An Open-Pilot Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Caldirola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas San Pio X, Personalized Medicine Center for Anxiety and Panic Disorders, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Carminati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas San Pio X, Personalized Medicine Center for Anxiety and Panic Disorders, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7253-4808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Dacc\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas San Pio X, Personalized Medicine Center for Anxiety and Panic Disorders, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7054-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas San Pio X, Personalized Medicine Center for Anxiety and Panic Disorders, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Teggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(00)00040-2","article-title":"A Clinical Taxonomy of Dizziness and Anxiety in the Otoneurological Setting","volume":"15","author":"Furman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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