{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:55:43Z","timestamp":1773712543712,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Usually, the majority of patients suffering from vertigo and dizziness can be identified in four major categories: acute spontaneous vertigo, episodic (recurrent) vertigo, recurrent positional vertigo, and chronic imbalance. Our purpose is to retrospectively evaluate the main causes of episodic vertigo and to find indications for a reliable clinical suspicion useful for a definitive diagnosis, comparing patients affected by different presenting symptomatology (acute vertigo, recurrent episodic vertigo, and imbalance). (2) Methods: we retrospectively evaluated the clinical records in a population of 249 consecutive patients observed for vertigo in our tertiary referral center in the period 1 January 2019\u201331 January 2020. On the basis of the reported clinical history, patients were divided into three groups: patients with their first ever attack of vertigo, patients with recurrent vertigo and dizziness, and patients with chronic imbalance. (3) Results: On the basis of the results of the instrumental examination, we arbitrarily divided (for each type of symptoms) the patients in a group with a normal vestibular instrumental examination and a group of patients in which the clinical\u2013instrumental evaluation showed some pathological results; a highly significant difference (p: 0.157) was found between recurrent and acute vertigo and between recurrent vertigo and imbalance. (4) Conclusions: Patients with recurrent vertigo more frequently exhibit a negative otoneurological examination since they are often examined in the intercritical phase. A precise and in-depth research of the patient\u2019s clinical history is the key to suspect or make a diagnosis together with the search for some instrumental or clinical hallmark, especially in cases where the clinical picture does not fully meet the international diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13060074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1698839503000},"page":"845-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Episodic Vertigo: A Narrative Review Based on a Single-Center Clinical Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5261-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto Pietro","family":"Casani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Section, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Department of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Gufoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Section, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Department of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Section, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Department of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2019-002199","article-title":"Dizziness demystified","volume":"19","author":"Welgampola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract. 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