{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:48:02Z","timestamp":1784933282269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Limited information is available on factors that affect the burden tinnitus. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between tinnitus burden and demographic, patient-specific and tinnitus characteristics. Secondly, it was examined which variables could predict a change in tinnitus burden after 12 months. Method: In a prospective Dutch cohort of 383 tinnitus patients seeking medical help, tinnitus complaints, demographics, tinnitus characteristics, psychological wellbeing and quality of life were assessed using an online self-report survey at three timepoints (start, 6 months, 12 months). The main outcome variables for tinnitus burden are the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for tinnitus burden and loudness. Results: Several variables (time, sex, education level, life events, anxiety and depression, sleep issues, tinnitus loudness, hearing impairment and treatment) were significantly associated with tinnitus burden. Additionally, tinnitus burden after 12 months was associated with anxiety, following treatment, sleep issues, negative life events and hearing impairment (increase) and anxiety, total of life events and environmental quality of life (decrease) predicted the tinnitus burden after 12 months. Conclusions: Several factors, such as education level, life events, psychological factors and sleep quality, are related to tinnitus burden and can predict tinnitus burden over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres14050074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1728548202000},"page":"875-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Prospective Self-Report Survey-Based Cohort Study on Factors That Have an Influence on Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3394-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana V. P.","family":"Devos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0030-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus L. F.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Miranda L.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharine A.","family":"Hellingman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper V.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat\/Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, 6419PC Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","author":"Schlee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. 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