{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:30:34Z","timestamp":1787063434631,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vestibular Neuritis (VN) can induce unilateral acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). This study aimed to identify predictive factors of recovery from vestibular neuritis considering total restitution and\/or compensation. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 40 patients were included. The initial assessment, performed within 36 to 72 h from the onset (T0), included medical history taking (general and specific), including screening for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and a battery of diagnostic vestibular tests, comprising the bithermal caloric test (BCT), video head impulse test (VHIT), and skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) test. All patients also completed a Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). All assessments were repeated 90 \u00b1 15 days later (T3). Subjective compensation criteria were based on the DHI total score, and objective compensation criteria were based on laboratory test results. Four groups of patients (A, B, C, D) were delineated by combining patients with normal vs. abnormal vestibular tests and patients with normal vs. abnormal DHI. Results: CVRFs (but not age or body mass index (BMI)) were associated with a poorer recovery of symptoms. The BCT (lateral semicircular canal paresis %), VHIT (lateral semicircular canal gain), and SVINT (nystagmus slow phase velocity) recovered to normal values in 20%, 20%, and 27% of patients, respectively, at T3. Conclusions: Vascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia) are correlated with patients who do not recover their symptoms via either total restitution or compensation. There was no significant difference between high- and low-frequency vestibular tests in patients recovering from their symptoms. Some patients with objective recovery may continue to have persistent subjective symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres14060080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1730803360000},"page":"958-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Determination of Recovery by Total Restitution or Compensation Using Multifrequency Vestibular Tests and Subjective Functional Scales in a Human Model of Vestibular Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Armato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit DevAH\u2014Development, Adaptation and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit DevAH\u2014Development, Adaptation and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Perottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Centre Hospitalier des Escartons, 05100 Brian\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Casteran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit DevAH\u2014Development, Adaptation and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Lorraine, 54600 Villers-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Research Unit 2LPN\u2014Lorraine Laboratory of Psychology and Neuroscience of Behavioural Dynamics, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit DevAH\u2014Development, Adaptation and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Lorraine, 54600 Villers-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), and Department of Paediatric Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rujescu, D., Hartmann, A.M., Giegling, I., Konte, B., Herrling, M., Himmelein, S., and Strupp, M. (2018). Genome-Wide Association Study in Vestibular Neuritis: Involvement of the Host Factor for HSV-1 Replication. Front. Neurol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00591"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.08.006","article-title":"Correlation between Vestibular Neuritis and cerebrovascular risk factors","volume":"39","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52123","article-title":"Four-hour-delayed 3D-FLAIR MRIs in patients with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27084","article-title":"Clinical value of 4-hour delayed gadolinium-Enhanced 3D FLAIR MR Images in Acute Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"128","author":"Byun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwergal, A., M\u00f6hwald, K., Salazar L\u00f3pez, E., Hadzhikolev, H., Brandt, T., Jahn, K., and Dieterich, M. (2020). A Prospective Analysis of Lesion-Symptom Relationships in Acute Vestibular and Ocular Motor Stroke. Front. Neurol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00822"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esteban-Sanchez, J., and Martin-Sanz, E. (2022). Long-Term Evolution of Vestibular Compensation, Postural Control, and Perceived Disability in a Population of Patients with Vestibular Neuritis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143941"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402739","article-title":"Acute Vestibular Syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Kerber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63437-5.00023-6","article-title":"Ischemic syndromes causing dizziness and vertigo","volume":"137","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000160","article-title":"Use of HINTS in the acute vestibular syndrome. An Overview","volume":"3","author":"Kattah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-140532","article-title":"Lateral canal BPPV with Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus masquerading as vestibular neuritis in acute vertigo: A series of 273 cases","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00331-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00331-17","article-title":"Differential Involvement during Latent Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of the Superior and Inferior Divisions of the Vestibular Ganglia: Implications for Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"91","author":"Himmelein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.07.020","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis: Involvement and long-term recovery of individual semicircular canals","volume":"44","author":"Hanschek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.05.009","article-title":"The extent of vestibular impairment is important in recovery of canal paresis of patients with Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"46","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.5.768","article-title":"Individual semicircular canal function in superior and inferior vestibular neuritis","volume":"57","author":"Aw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414522974","article-title":"Vestibular neurolabyrinthitis: A follow-up study with cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and the video head impulse test","volume":"123","author":"Magliulo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002476","article-title":"Lesion Patterns and Possible Implications for Recovery in Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy","volume":"41","author":"Navari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.3.301","article-title":"Normal Caloric Responses during Acute Phase of Vestibular Neuritis. Normal Caloric Responses during Acute Phase of Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.02.064","article-title":"Final diagnosis of patients with clinically suspected vestibular neuritis showing normal caloric response","volume":"41","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2016.00948","article-title":"Vestibular Neuritis with Minimal Canal Paresis: Characteristics and Clinical Implication","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2019.1599142","article-title":"Acute vestibular asymmetry disorder: A new disease entity in acute vestibular syndrome?","volume":"139","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2020.16.2.277","article-title":"Dissociated Results between Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Dizziness: Prevalence, Pattern, Lesion Location, and Etiology","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1809706","article-title":"Skull vibration-induced nystagmus in vestibular neuritis","volume":"140","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres12020015","article-title":"Is Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus Useful in Vestibular Neuritis Follow Up?","volume":"12","author":"Zamora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Audiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjbaran, M., Katsarkas, A., and Galiana, H.L. (2016). Vestibular Compensation in Unilateral Patients Often Causes Both Gain and Time Constant Asymmetries in the VOR. Front. Comput. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2016.00026"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001973","article-title":"Delayed Effect and Gain Restoration After Intratympanic Gentamicin for Meni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease","volume":"40","author":"Diaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.386","article-title":"Predictors of clinical recovery from Vestibular Neuritis: A prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Cousins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000949","article-title":"Chronic Symptoms After Vestibular Neuritis and the High-Velocity Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001468","article-title":"Vestibular Restoration and Adaptation in Vestibular Neuritis and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with Vertigo","volume":"38","author":"Rueda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818768218","article-title":"Diagnostic Value of Gains and Corrective Saccades in Video Head Impulse Test in Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"159","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120579","article-title":"Factors influencing clinical outcome in vestibular neuritis\u2013A focused review and reanalysis of prospective data","volume":"446","author":"Arshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-220201","article-title":"Acute unilateral vestibulopathy\/vestibular neuritis: Diagnostic criteria. Consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the B\u00e1r\u00e1ny Society","volume":"32","author":"Strupp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12223","article-title":"HINTS outperforms ABCD2 to screen for stroke in acute continuous vertigo and dizziness","volume":"20","author":"Kerber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.12.001","article-title":"The vestibular system: Multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control","volume":"35","author":"Cullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0153-1","article-title":"Vestibular processing during natural self-motion: Implications for perception and action","volume":"20","author":"Cullen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1995-5201","article-title":"Vestibular compensation: A review of the oculomotor, neural, and clinical consequences of unilateral vestibular loss","volume":"5","author":"Curthoys","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres11040050","article-title":"The Neural Basis of Skull Vibration Induced Nystagmus (SVIN)","volume":"11","author":"Curthoys","year":"2021","journal-title":"Audiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7903-4","article-title":"Vestibular compensation: The neuro-otologist\u2019s best friend","volume":"263","author":"Lacour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumas, G., Curthoys, I.S., Lion, A., Perrin, P., and Schmerber, S. (2017). The Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus Test of Vestibular Function-A Review. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00041"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2723-6","article-title":"Relation of video-head-impulse test and caloric irrigation: A study on the recovery in unilateral Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"271","author":"Zellhuber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s101620010060","article-title":"Caloric and search-coil head-impulse testing in patients after Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"2","author":"Obzina","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halmagyi, G.M., Chen, L., MacDougall, H.G., Weber, K.P., Mc Garvie, L.A., and Curthoys, I.S. (2017). The Video Head Impulse Test. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGarvie, L.A., MacDougall, H.G., Curthoys, I.S., and Halmagyi, G.M. (2020). Spontaneous Recovery of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex After Vestibular Neuritis; Long-Term Monitoring with the Video Head Impulse Test in a Single Patient. Front. Neurol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00732"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batuecas-Caletrio, A., Rey-Martinez, J., Trinidad-Ruiz, G., Mati\u00f1o-Soler, E., Santa Cruz-Ruiz, S., Mu\u00f1oz-Herrera, A., and Perez-Fernandez, N. (2017). Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Stabilization after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: A Story Told by Saccades. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00015"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2016.04.002","article-title":"How to perform the skull vibration-induced nystagmus test (SVINT)","volume":"133","author":"Dumas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres11040056","article-title":"Skull Vibration Induced Nystagmus Test: Correlations with Semicircular Canal and Otolith Asymmetries","volume":"11","author":"Fabre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Audiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Chays, A., Florant, A., and Ulmer, E. (2004). Les Vertiges, Masson. Collection consulter prescrire."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870040046011","article-title":"The development of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory","volume":"116","author":"Jacobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colnaghi, S., Rezzani, C., Gnesi, M., Manfrin, M., Quaglieri, S., Nuti, D., Mandal\u00e0, M., Monti, M.C., and Versino, M. (2017). Validation of the Italian Version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Situational Vertigo Questionnaire, and the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale for Peripheral and Central Vestibular Symptoms. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00528"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200403000-00010","article-title":"Is perception of handicap related to functional performance in persons with vestibular dysfunction?","volume":"25","author":"Whitney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.17116\/otorino201883127-31","article-title":"The compensation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex during rehabilitation of the patients presenting with Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"83","author":"Baibakova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vestn. Otorinolaringol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06192-4","article-title":"The Antwerp Vestibular Compensation Index (AVeCI)- an index for vestibular compensation estimation, based on functional balance performance","volume":"278","author":"Verbecque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.01.032","article-title":"Short-term effects of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular dysfunction: A randomized controlled study","volume":"90","author":"Giray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.10.001","article-title":"Predictors of development of chronic vestibular insufficiency after vestibular neuritis","volume":"347","author":"Adamec","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"E911","article-title":"A New and Faster Method to Assess Vestibular Compensation: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"130","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.809485","article-title":"Vestibular function after Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"52","author":"Manzari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200107000-00022","article-title":"Labyrinthectomy versus Vestibular Neurectomy: Long-term Physiologic and Clinical Outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Eisenman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2023.12.008","article-title":"Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: A functional neuro-otologic disorder","volume":"51","author":"Yagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2016.1172730","article-title":"A new method to improve the imbalance in chronic unilateral vestibular loss: The organization of refixation saccades","volume":"136","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489417718846","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"126","author":"Oron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000521397","article-title":"Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Temporal Bone Histopathology Identifies Areas of Vascular Vulnerability in the Inner Ear","volume":"27","author":"Mair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2023.22703","article-title":"Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Secondary to Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors","volume":"19","author":"Waissbluth","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2022.01.002","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in superior vestibular neuritis: A cross-sectional study following STROBE guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Charpiot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coronel-Touma, G.S., Monopoli-Roca, C., Almeida-Ayerve, C.N., Marcos-Alonso, S., de la Torre-Morales, D.G., Serradilla-L\u00f3pez, J., Santa Cruz-Ruiz, S., Batuecas-Caletr\u00edo, \u00c1., and S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez, H. (2023). Influence of Age and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Vestibular Neuritis: Retrospective Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206544"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e952","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002482","article-title":"Correlations Between Multi-plane vHIT Responses and Balance Control After Onset of an Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Deficit","volume":"41","author":"Allum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3342\/kjorl-hns.2017.01081","article-title":"Long-Term Changes in Video Head Impulse and Caloric Tests in Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002669","article-title":"Importance of Video Head Impulse Test Parameters for Recovery of Symptoms in Acute Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31805c08ac","article-title":"Recovery of vestibular imbalances after vestibular neuritis","volume":"117","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laringoscope"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241040","article-title":"Vestibular Neuritis","volume":"29","author":"Strupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1775","article-title":"N\u00e9vrite vestibulaire: Traitment et prognostic","volume":"9","author":"Reinhard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Suisse."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0935-2","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis: Vertigo and the high-acceleration vestibulo-ocular reflex","volume":"255","author":"Palla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989570316-0","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis","volume":"112","author":"Nadol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cousins, S., Cutfield, N.J., Kaski, D., Palla, A., Seemungal, B.M., Golding, J.F., Staab, J.P., and Bronstein, A.M. (2014). Visual Dependency and Dizziness after Vestibular Neuritis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105426"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000652","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome in vestibular neuritis","volume":"32","author":"Bronstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e531","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001477","article-title":"The Effect of Peripheral Vestibular Recovery on Improvements in Vestibulo-ocular Reflexes and Balance Control After Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Loss","volume":"38","author":"Allum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otol. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817740327","article-title":"Predicting the Outcome after Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy Analysis of VOR Gain and Catch-up Saccades","volume":"158","author":"Cerchiai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, W., He, F., Wei, D., Bai, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, X., and Han, J. (2019). Recovery Pattern of High-Frequency Acceleration Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Unilateral Vestibular Neuritis: A Preliminary Study. Front. Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00085"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06085-6","article-title":"Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm (SHIMP) in evaluating the vestibulo-saccadic interaction in patients with vestibular neuritis","volume":"277","author":"Manzari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22227","article-title":"Objective verification of full recovery of dynamic vestibular function after superior vestibular neuritis","volume":"121","author":"Manzari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09388-9","article-title":"Peripheral vestibular plasticity vs. central compensation: Evidence and questions","volume":"266","author":"Tighilet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allum, J.H.J., and Honegger, F. (2020). Improvement of Asymmetric Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Responses Following Onset of Vestibular Neuritis Is Similar Across Canal Planes. Front. Neurol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.565125"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1354598","article-title":"Vestibular neuritis","volume":"33","author":"Jeong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1751877","article-title":"The role of vertical semicircular canal function in the vertical component of skull vibration-induced nystagmus","volume":"140","author":"Matos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F., Xu, J., Liu, D., Wang, J., Lu, L., Gao, R., Zhou, X., Zhuang, J., and Zhang, S. (2023). Optimizing vestibular neuritis management with modular strategies. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1243034"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.735","article-title":"Presence of exacerbating factors of persistent perceptual-postural dizziness in patients with vestibular symptoms at initial presentation","volume":"7","author":"Kabaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.122119","article-title":"Depersonalisation\/derealisation symptoms and updating orientation in patients with vestibular disease","volume":"79","author":"Sang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000421622.56525.58","article-title":"Chronic subjective dizziness","volume":"18","author":"Staab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contin. Lifelong Learn. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-170622","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): Consensus document of the committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the B\u00e1r\u00e1ny Society","volume":"27","author":"Staab","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723039","article-title":"Agreement between the Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus Test and Semicircular Canal and Otolith Asymmetry","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."}],"container-title":["Audiology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/14\/6\/80\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:28:16Z","timestamp":1760113696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/14\/6\/80"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["audiolres14060080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/audiolres14060080","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-4349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-4349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]}}}