{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:19:04Z","timestamp":1777097944288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALF grants from Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University"},{"name":"Ingrid L\u00f6wenstr\u00f6m Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Audiology Research"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A crucial factor for a successful cochlear implant (CI) outcome is an intact auditory nerve (AN). The integrity of the AN can be tested during implantation by measuring electrical auditory brainstem responses (eABR) via the CI. A method that does not require a CI is the use of the auditory nerve test stimulator (ANTS) from MED-EL (Innsbruck, Austria). The aim of the current study was to investigate the cases tested with the ANTS at our clinic and to describe the hearing results following CI for the cases who were implanted with a CI. Methods: All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to rule out cochlear malformation or retrocochlear pathology. In this study, we described all cases from when we began using the ANTS in 2011. Results: Five patients were tested intraoperatively: three adults with long-term deafness prior to CI and two children with no detectable AN. Three of the five patients were implanted with a CI. All implanted patients in this study could hear with their CIs, even though the speech perception results were limited. Conclusions: The ANTS can be used as a method to assess cochlear nerve function during implantation. The eABR results from the ANTS and the implanted CI were comparable for all cases in our study. Minor changes in waveform latencies were found between ANTS and CI stimulation and may be explained by the insertion depth of the electrode used for stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres15020036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T05:43:33Z","timestamp":1743572613000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intraoperative Assessment of Cochlear Nerve Function During Cochlear Implantation Using the Auditory Nerve Test Stimulator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5239-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Hallin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5660-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Schart-Mor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002458","article-title":"Monitoring Cochlear Nerve Integrity During Vestibular Schwannoma Microsurgery in Real-Time Using Cochlear Implant Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response and Streaming Neural Response Imaging","volume":"41","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108997","article-title":"Intraoperative Assessment of Cochlear Nerve Functionality in Various Vestibular Schwannoma Scenarios: Lessons Learned","volume":"446","author":"Lassaletta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4643-3","article-title":"The Role of eABR with Intracochlear Test Electrode in Decision Making Between Cochlear and Brainstem Implants: Preliminary Results","volume":"274","author":"Cinar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32834fab4b","article-title":"Long-Term Monaural Auditory Deprivation and Bilateral Cochlear Implants","volume":"23","author":"Boisvert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000365274","article-title":"Experiences and Results from Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Long Duration of Deafness","volume":"4","author":"Lundin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol. Extra"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7","article-title":"Factors Affecting Open-Set Word Recognition in Adults With Cochlear Implants","volume":"34","author":"Holden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2013.850175","article-title":"Is There a Deafness Duration Limit for Cochlear Implants in Post-Lingual Deaf Adults?","volume":"134","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.528","article-title":"Duration of Deafness Impacts Auditory Performance after Cochlear Implantation: A Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bernhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000883","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Intracochlear Test Electrode for Acoustic Nerve Monitoring in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery","volume":"41","author":"Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762815Y.0000000005","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses in Cochlear Implantation","volume":"16","author":"Lundin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001727","article-title":"Hearing Restoration in Cochlear Nerve Deficiency: The Choice Between Cochlear Implant or Auditory Brainstem Implant, a Meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Vesseur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2413273","article-title":"Current Status of Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Inner Ear Malformations; Consensus Statement of the Third International Pediatric ABI Meeting","volume":"2024","author":"Sennaroglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochlear Implant. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2024.2407395","article-title":"Do Different Types of Cochlear Implant Electrode Influence Hearing Preservation and Speech Perception?","volume":"144","author":"Hallin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."}],"container-title":["Audiology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/15\/2\/36\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:08:02Z","timestamp":1760029682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4349\/15\/2\/36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["audiolres15020036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/audiolres15020036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-4349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-4349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}