{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:24:38Z","timestamp":1780097078154,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EC FP7 RESTORATION project","award":["CP-TP 280575-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP-TP 280575-2"]}]},{"name":"EC FP7 RESTORATION project","award":["EP\/K029592\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K029592\/1"]}]},{"name":"MeDe Innovation","award":["CP-TP 280575-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP-TP 280575-2"]}]},{"name":"MeDe Innovation","award":["EP\/K029592\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K029592\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone adhesives offer distinct advantages over the use of screws to attached internal fixation plates (IFPs). As the chemical composition of bone is similar to dentine, it is possible that the types of monomers used to make dentine adhesives could be utilised to affix IFPs to bone. The ability to attach a bio-resorbable IFP to porcine bone was assessed for the monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), used either as a homopolymer or a copolymer with urethane dimethacrylate (MDP + U). Additionally, the addition of a priming step (MDP + U + P) was evaluated. The chemical interactions of the monomers with bone were assessed using XRD and imaged using TEM, revealing the formation of nano-layered structures with the MDP primer, something we believe has not been reported on bone. In a 6-week artificial aging study both MDP + U and MDP + U + P demonstrated adequate shear bond strength to affix bio-resorbable IFPs. The cytotoxicity profiles of the adhesive formulations were determined using indirect and direct contact with MC3T3 cells, with indirect conditions suggesting the MDP + U + P is as cytocompatible as the resorbable IFP. The findings of this study suggest our newly developed adhesive has the potential to be used as a bone adhesive to affix bioresorbable IFPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10010078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1673247909000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bond Strength and Adhesion Mechanisms of Novel Bone Adhesives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Upson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK"},{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Benning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory, Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian P.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Dalgarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"German","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, J., Brahmabhatt, P., Farboud, A., and Marnane, C. 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