{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:20:01Z","timestamp":1789593601631,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1802253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1802253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YYJC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YYJC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YJ0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YJ0026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Department Support plan","award":["81770471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770471"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Department Support plan","award":["12072214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072214"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Department Support plan","award":["1802253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1802253"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Department Support plan","award":["2018YYJC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YYJC"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Department Support plan","award":["2019YJ0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YJ0026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Post-operative stent morphology of aortic dissection patients is important for performing clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment. However, stent morphologies still need to be manually measured, which is a process prone to errors, high time consumption and difficulty in exploiting inter-data associations. Herein, we propose a method based on the stepwise combination of basic, non-divisible data sets to quickly obtain morphological parameters with high accuracy. Methods: We performed the 3D reconstruction of 109 post-operative follow-up CT image data from 26 patients using mimics software. By extracting the spatial locations of the basic morphological observation points on the stent, we defined a basic and non-reducible set of observation points. Further, we implemented a fully automatic stent segmentation and an observation point extraction algorithm. We analyzed the stability and accuracy of the algorithms on a test set containing 8 cases and 408 points. Based on this dataset, we calculated three morphological parameters of different complexity for the different spatial structural features exhibited by the stent. Finally, we compared the two measurement schemes in four aspects: data variability, data stability, statistical process complexity and algorithmic error. Results: The statistical results of the two methods on two low-complexity morphological parameters (spatial position of stent end and vascular stent end-slip volume) show good agreement (n = 26, P1, P2 &lt; 0.001, r1 = 0.992, r2 = 0.988). The statistics of the proposed method for the morphological parameters of medium complexity (proximal support ring feature diameter and distal support ring feature diameter) avoid the errors caused by manual extraction, and the magnitude of this correction to the traditional method does not exceed 4 mm with an average correction of 1.38 mm. Meanwhile, our proposed automatic observation point extraction method has only 2.2% error rate on the test set, and the average spatial distance from the manually marked observation points is 0.73 mm. Thus, the proposed method is able to rapidly and accurately measure the stent circumferential deflection angle, which is highly complex and cannot be measured using traditional methods. Conclusions: The proposed method can significantly reduce the statistical observation time and information processing cost compared to the traditional morphological observation methods. Moreover, when new morphological parameters are required, one can quickly and accurately obtain the target parameters by new \u201ccombinatorial functions.\u201d Iterative modification of the data set itself is avoided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T02:35:55Z","timestamp":1674182155000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapid Morphological Measurement Method of Aortic Dissection Stent Based on Spatial Observation Point Set"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mateng","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinghui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644600, China"},{"name":"Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.02.031","article-title":"Discriminant analysis of native thoracic aortic curvature: Risk prediction for endoleak formation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair","volume":"22","author":"Nakatamari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.016","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014Current Options and Recommendations for the Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Pathologies Involving the Aortic Arch: An Expert Consensus Document of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) & the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"57","author":"Czerny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.04.038","article-title":"Aortic remodeling after endovascular repair of acute complicated type B aortic dissection","volume":"50","author":"Conrad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.01.022","article-title":"Aortic remodeling after endografting of thoracoabdominal aortic dissection","volume":"47","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61508-5","article-title":"Treatment of Chronic Aortic Dissection by Transluminal Endovascular Stent-Graft Placement: Preliminary Results","volume":"12","author":"Kato","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70382-3","article-title":"Endovascular stent\u2013graft repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms","volume":"111","author":"Mitchell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412293312601","article-title":"Transluminal placement of endovascular stent-grafts for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms","volume":"331","author":"Dake","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E43","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25614","article-title":"Thoracic aortic aneurysm expansion due to late distal stent graft-induced new entry","volume":"85","author":"Janosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs074","article-title":"Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) for the treatment of aortic diseases: A position statement from the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)","volume":"33","author":"Grabenwoger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000680","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000680","article-title":"Long and short of optimal stent design","volume":"4","author":"Watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-012-0450-3","article-title":"A computational framework for investigating the positional stability of aortic endografts","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E230","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12802","article-title":"Effects of Microporous Stent Graft on the Descending Aortic Aneurysm: A Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"40","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.1.r00ja3499","article-title":"True-lumen collapse in aortic dissection: Part II. Evaluation of treatment methods in phantoms with pulsatile flow","volume":"214","author":"Chung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjtc.2020.10.006","article-title":"Finite element modeling to predict procedural success of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in type A aortic dissection","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JTCVS Tech."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109478","article-title":"Biomechanical implications of the fenestration structure after thoracic endovascular aortic repair","volume":"99","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602815611888","article-title":"An In Vitro Phantom Study on the Role of the Bird-Beak Configuration in Endograft Infolding in the Aortic Arch","volume":"23","author":"Pasta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy339","article-title":"Aortic morphological variability in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation","volume":"55","author":"Sophocleous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J.Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2020.12.026","article-title":"3D Morphologic Findings Before and After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Type B Aortic Dissection","volume":"74","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.07.091","article-title":"Predictor of false lumen thrombosis after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B dissection","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-020-00498-4","article-title":"Effect of Geometric Accuracy at the Proximal Landing Zone on Simulation Results for Thoracic Endovascular Repair Patients","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivab300","article-title":"Influence of measurement and sizing techniques in thoracic endovascular aortic repair on outcome in acute complicated type B aortic dissections","volume":"34","author":"Rychla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06247-5","article-title":"Morphological Features of Aortic Arch Predicting the Risk for Acute Type B Aortic Dissection","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-021-00532-z","article-title":"Influence of Distal Re-entry Tears on False Lumen Thrombosis After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Type B Aortic Dissection Patients: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2580-5","article-title":"CT evaluation of coronary artery stents with iterative image reconstruction: Improvements in image quality and potential for radiation dose reduction","volume":"23","author":"Ebersberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1651-4","article-title":"Imaging of coronary artery stents using multislice computed tomography: In vitro evaluation","volume":"13","author":"Maintz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012122","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1757\/1\/012122","article-title":"Research on Python Data Visualization Technology","volume":"1757","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milletari, F., Navab, N., and Ahmadi, S.-A. (2016). V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2016.79"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2018.11.010","article-title":"A deep learning framework for unsupervised affine and deformable image registration","volume":"52","author":"Berendsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00013","article-title":"ITK: Enabling reproducible research and open science","volume":"8","author":"McCormick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Yoo, T.S., Ackerman, M.J., Lorensen, W.E., Schroeder, W., Chalana, V., Aylward, S., Metaxas, D., and Whitaker, R. (2002, January 23). Engineering and algorithm design for an image processing API: A technical report on ITK\u2014The insight toolkit. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference, Newport Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa.15-00069","article-title":"Efficacy and Optimal Timing of Endovascular Treatment for Type B Aortic Dissection","volume":"8","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.ra.18-00127","article-title":"Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Acute Aortic Dissection","volume":"11","author":"Uchida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-016-0734-0","article-title":"Treatment of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection","volume":"65","author":"Matsuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-019-00837-8","article-title":"Medical therapy versus TEVAR for uncomplicated type B aortic dissection","volume":"35","author":"Bedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886408","article-title":"Randomized comparison of strategies for type B aortic dissection: The INvestigation of STEnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection (INSTEAD) trial","volume":"120","author":"Nienaber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.047","article-title":"Endovascular aortic repair versus open surgical repair for descending thoracic aortic disease a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"55","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905203402003","article-title":"Nonsurgical reconstruction of thoracic aortic dissection by stent-graft placement","volume":"340","author":"Nienaber","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000463","article-title":"Endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection: Long-term results of the randomized investigation of stent grafts in aortic dissection trial","volume":"6","author":"Nienaber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951105001447","article-title":"Fatal dissection of the descending aorta after implantation of a stent in a 19-year-old female with Turner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Fejzic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiol. Young"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"708","article-title":"Important issues regarding planning and sizing for emergent TEVAR","volume":"61","author":"Teraa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.02.256","article-title":"Aortic endograft sizing in trauma patients with hemodynamic instability","volume":"52","author":"Jonker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E92","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12866","article-title":"Three-dimensional parametric modeling of bicuspid aortopathy and comparison with computational flow predictions","volume":"41","author":"Pasta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.05.009","article-title":"Dynamic cine-CT angiography for the evaluation of the thoracic aorta; insight in dynamic changes with implications for thoracic endograft treatment","volume":"32","author":"Muhs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602816647939","article-title":"Impact of Oversizing on the Risk of Retrograde Dissection After TEVAR for Acute and Chronic Type B Dissection","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.02.040","article-title":"Risk factors for distal stent graft-induced new entry in type B aortic dissections: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Syn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.04.015","article-title":"Endovascular repair of Stanford type B aortic dissection: Early and mid-term outcomes of 121 cases","volume":"38","author":"Guangqi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx292","article-title":"How does descending aorta geometry change when it dissects?","volume":"53","author":"Rylski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu281","article-title":"2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"35","author":"Erbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.07.062","article-title":"Aortic root morphology in patients undergoing percutaneous aortic valve replacement: Evidence of aortic root remodeling","volume":"137","author":"Akhtar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2007.09.004","article-title":"Role of echocardiography in percutaneous aortic valve implantation","volume":"1","author":"Moss","year":"2008","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2011.07.014","article-title":"Aortic annulus diameter determination by multidetector computed tomography: Reproducibility, applicability, and implications for transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"4","author":"Gurvitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1583\/10-3067.1","article-title":"Morphology of aortic arch pathology: Implications for endovascular repair","volume":"17","author":"Malkawi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.08.018","article-title":"Surgically relevant aortic arch mapping using computed tomography","volume":"26","author":"Finlay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2010.03.005","article-title":"A review of 3D\/2D registration methods for image-guided interventions","volume":"16","author":"Markelj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1-45","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/3\/201","article-title":"Medical image registration","volume":"46","author":"Hill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00009-2","article-title":"A new point matching algorithm for non-rigid registration","volume":"89","author":"Chui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105146","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2892795","article-title":"Breast Cancer Detection Using Extreme Learning Machine Based on Feature Fusion With CNN Deep Features","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00227-x","article-title":"Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Image Segmentation: Achievements and Challenges","volume":"32","author":"Hesamian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2903562","article-title":"CE-Net: Context Encoder Network for 2D Medical Image Segmentation","volume":"38","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2978386","article-title":"A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural. Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60588","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3071274","article-title":"Graph Neural Network: A Comprehensive Review on Non-Euclidean Space","volume":"9","author":"Asif","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29487","article-title":"Imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00025","article-title":"Deep Learning for Cardiac Image Segmentation: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0747-y","article-title":"A review of substitute CT generation for MRI-only radiation therapy","volume":"12","author":"Edmund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1271-7405","article-title":"Abdominal Applications of 4D Flow MRI","volume":"193","author":"Riedel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1583\/13-4646R.1","article-title":"Aortic remodeling as a prognostic factor for late aortic events after thoracic endovascular aortic repair in type B aortic dissection with patent false lumen","volume":"21","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.10.038","article-title":"Prognostic factors in patients with uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection","volume":"97","author":"Ueki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"20150202","article-title":"Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments","volume":"374","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2014.01.017","article-title":"Acute renal injury after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of Stanford type B aortic dissection: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis","volume":"113","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0511-y","article-title":"Surgical stent planning: Simulation parameter study for models based on DICOM standards","volume":"6","author":"Scherer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/2\/139\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:11:25Z","timestamp":1760119885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/2\/139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10020139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10020139","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]}}}