{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:30:48Z","timestamp":1792204248547,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/STG07\/USM\/02\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2019\/STG07\/USM\/02\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hybrid materials are classified as one of the most highly important topics that have been of great interest to many researchers in recent decades. There are many species that can fall under this category, one of the most important of which contain biopolymeric materials as a matrix and are additionally reinforced by different types of carbon sources. Such materials are characterized by many diverse properties in a variety industrial and applied fields but especially in the field of biomedical applications. The biopolymeric materials that fall under this label are divided into natural biopolymers, which include chitosan, cellulose, and gelatin, and industrial or synthetic polymers, which include polycaprolactone, polyurethane, and conducting polymers of variable chemical structures. Furthermore, there are many types of carbon nanomaterials that are used as enhancers in the chemical synthesis of these materials as reinforcement agents, which include carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene. This research investigates natural biopolymers, which can be composed of carbon materials, and the educational and medical applications that have been developed for them in recent years. These applications include tissue engineering, scaffold bones, and drug delivery systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10030279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:31:55Z","timestamp":1677033115000},"page":"279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Review on Biomedical Advances of Hybrid Nanocomposite Biopolymeric Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Abeer M.","family":"Alosaimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa O.","family":"Alorabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0081-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina F.","family":"Katowah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 16722, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahrah T.","family":"Al-Thagafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman S.","family":"Alsolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Qutob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Rafatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"},{"name":"Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2012.06.061","article-title":"Transparent polyimide\/graphene oxide nanocomposite with improved moisture barrier property","volume":"136","author":"Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. 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