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However, little attention has been paid to the effect of SR on alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement and its underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the influence of SR on orthodontic tooth movement and tooth resorption in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats and the relationship between the nuclear factor\u2013kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway, autophagy, and osteoclastogenesis after the administration of SR in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was found that SR reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins at the pressure side of the first molars during orthodontic tooth movement. Similarly, the expression of these autophagy-related proteins and the size and number of autophagosomes were downregulated by SR in vitro. The results also showed that SR reduced the number of osteoclasts and suppressed orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which could be partially restored using rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Autophagy was attenuated after pre-osteoclasts were treated with Bay 11-7082, an NF-\u03baB pathway inhibitor, while SR reduced the expression of the proteins central to the NF-\u03baB pathway. Collectively, this study revealed that SR might suppress osteoclastogenesis through NF-\u03baB-pathway-dependent autophagy, resulting in the inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which might offer a new insight into the treatment of malocclusion and bone metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10030365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T02:59:26Z","timestamp":1679021966000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-\u03baB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dongle","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03936-2","article-title":"The adult orthodontic patient over 40 years of age: Association between periodontal bone loss, incisor irregularity, and increased orthodontic treatment need","volume":"25","author":"Klenke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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