{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:16:10Z","timestamp":1791825370348,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tracheal replacement with a bioengineered tracheal substitute has been developed for long-segment tracheal diseases. The decellularized tracheal scaffold is an alternative for cell seeding. It is not defined if the storage scaffold produces changes in the scaffold\u2019s biomechanical properties. We tested three protocols for porcine tracheal scaffold preservation immersed in PBS and alcohol 70%, in the fridge and under cryopreservation. Ninety-six porcine tracheas (12 in natura, 84 decellularized) were divided into three groups (PBS, alcohol, and cryopreservation). Twelve tracheas were analyzed after three and six months. The assessment included residual DNA, cytotoxicity, collagen contents, and mechanical properties. Decellularization increased the maximum load and stress in the longitudinal axis and decreased the maximum load in the transverse axis. The decellularization of the porcine trachea produced structurally viable scaffolds, with a preserved collagen matrix suitable for further bioengineering. Despite the cyclic washings, the scaffolds remained cytotoxic. The comparison of the storage protocols (PBS at 4 \u00b0C, alcohol at 4 \u00b0C, and slow cooling cryopreservation with cryoprotectants) showed no significant differences in the amount of collagen and in the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds. Storage in PBS solution at 4 \u00b0C for six months did not change the scaffold mechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10050584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1683859019000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of Structural Viability of Porcine Tracheal Scaffolds after 3 and 6 Months of Storage under Three Different Protocols"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alberto Bruning","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristides Tadeu","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Soares","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabete Silva","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"de Souza Xavier Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Dolhnikoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Maizato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengenharia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idagene Aparecida","family":"Cestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengenharia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Manuel","family":"Pego-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Francisco","family":"Guerreiro Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03564-6","article-title":"Tracheal replacement: A critical review","volume":"73","author":"Grillo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. 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