{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:20:48Z","timestamp":1788808848244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second most common congenital craniofacial disease and has a wide spectrum of symptoms. The classic diagnostic criterion for hemifacial microsomia is the OMENS system, which was later refined to the OMENS+ system to include more anomalies. We analyzed the data of 103 HFM patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs. The TMJ disc classification was defined into four types: D0 for normal disc size and shape; D1 for disc malformation with adequate length to cover the (reconstructed) condyle; D2 for disc malformation with inadequate length to cover the (reconstructed) condyle; and D3 for no obvious presence of a disc. Additionally, this disc classification was positively correlated with the mandible classification (correlation coefficient: 0.614, p &lt; 0.01), ear classification (correlation coefficient: 0.242, p &lt; 0.05), soft tissue classification (correlation coefficient: 0.291, p &lt; 0.01), and facial cleft classification (correlation coefficient: 0.320, p &lt; 0.01). In this study, an OMENS+D diagnostic criterion is proposed, confirming the conjecture that the development of the mandibular ramus, ear, soft tissue, and TMJ disc, as homologous and adjacent tissues, is affected to a similar degree in HFM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10050595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T02:27:04Z","timestamp":1684204024000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Proposal for the Classification of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Deformity in Hemifacial Microsomia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongpu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000287383.35963.5e","article-title":"Hemifacial Microsomia: Clinical Features and Pictographic Representations of the OMENS Classification System","volume":"120","author":"Gougoutas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast. 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