{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:46:17Z","timestamp":1790361977398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HEC Pakistan","award":["7741\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7741\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"]}]},{"name":"HEC Pakistan","award":["Q202230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q202230"]}]},{"name":"Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Youth Research Project","award":["7741\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7741\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Youth Research Project","award":["Q202230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q202230"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The peel from Citrus-sinensis L. is a medicinally significant food waste, and its extract (O-Ext) could be significant against oxidative stresses and skin aging, However, the penetration barriers, instability in formulation, undefined toxicities, and enzymatic activities make the O-Ext difficult to formulate and commercialize. The goal of this study was to evaluate O-Ext against oxidative stress, prepare O-Ext-loaded nano-lipid carriers (O-NLCs), and load them into topical O\/W-emulsion (O-NLC-E) to improve O-Ext permeation and its in vivo antiaging effects. TPC, TFC, DPPH activity, and mineral\/metal contents of O-Ext were determined via atomic-absorption spectroscopy. For bioactive compounds profiling, GC-MS analysis was carried out. O-NLCs were prepared and tested for physicochemical attributes, while HaCaT and fibroblast cells were used to study permeation and cytotoxicity. The kinetic characteristics of ex vivo permeation through rat skin were established, following the Higuchi model. Following written consent, safety investigations were conducted on human volunteers for three months, where optimized O-NLC-E and B-NLC-E were regularly applied on cheeks. Non-invasive procedures were used to assess the volunteer\u2019s skin erythema, TEWL, sebum level, melanin, hydration, pH, elasticity, and pore sizes after specified intervals. The results demonstrated that applying O-NLC-E formulation to the skin of volunteers directed significant antiaging benefits. The study offers nanotechnology-based sustainability approach against skin ageing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10070798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1688434967000},"page":"798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Eco-Friendly Sustainable Nanocarriers to Treat Oxidative Stresses and Skin Aging-Related Ailments, Valorization of a By-Product"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zaheer Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taous","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of Engineering and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Series, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(13)60412-8","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Role of Natural Plant Derived Antioxidants in Animal Reproduction","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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