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While balance-controlling strategies have been extensively researched, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how fast the lower-limb muscles contract and coordinate in response to a sudden loss of standing balance. Therefore, this pilot study aims to investigate the speed and timing patterns of multiple joint\/muscles\u2019 activities among the different challenges in standing balance. Twelve healthy young subjects were recruited, and they received unexpected translational balance perturbations with randomized intensities and directions. Electromyographical (EMG) and mechanomyographical (MMG) signals of eight dominant-leg\u2019s muscles, dominant-leg\u2019s three-dimensional (3D) hip\/knee\/ankle joint angles, and 3D postural sways were concurrently collected. Two-way ANOVAs were used to examine the difference in timing and speed of the collected signals among muscles\/joint motions and among perturbation intensities. This study has found that (1) agonist muscles resisting the induced postural sway tended to activate more rapidly than the antagonist muscles, and ankle muscles contributed the most with the fastest rate of response; (2) voluntary corrective lower-limb joint motions and postural sways could occur as early as the perturbation-induced passive ones; (3) muscles reacted more rapidly under a larger perturbation intensity, while the joint motions or postural sways did not. These findings expand the current knowledge on standing-balance-controlling mechanisms and may potentially provide more insights for developing future fall-prevention strategies in daily life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10070831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T02:14:48Z","timestamp":1689214488000},"page":"831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Muscular and Kinematic Responses to Unexpected Translational Balance Perturbation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cheuk Ying","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7859-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ringo Tang-Long","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan To","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3014-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Scheeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddy Man Hin","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Zong-Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, April 30). 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