{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:46:37Z","timestamp":1789188397052,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-CoG-2016-725722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-CoG-2016-725722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21CC0073729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-CoG-2016-725722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-CoG-2016-725722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21CC0073729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian dysfunction poses significant threats to the health of female individuals. Ovarian failure can lead to infertility due to the lack or inefficient production of fertilizable eggs. In addition, the ovary produces hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, that play crucial roles not only during pregnancy, but also in maintaining cardiovascular, bone, and cognitive health. Decline in estrogen and progesterone production due to ovarian dysfunction can result in menopausal-associated syndromes and lead to conditions, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Recent advances in the design of bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) ovarian models, such as ovarian organoids or artificial ovaries, have made it possible to mimic aspects of the cellular heterogeneity and functional characteristics of the ovary in vitro. These novel technologies are emerging as valuable tools for studying ovarian physiology and pathology and may provide alternatives for fertility preservation. Moreover, they may have the potential to restore aspects of ovarian function, improving the quality of life of the (aging) female population. This review focuses on the state of the art of 3D ovarian platforms, including the latest advances modeling female reproduction, female physiology, ovarian cancer, and drug screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10070832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:49:30Z","timestamp":1689295770000},"page":"832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bioengineered 3D Ovarian Models as Paramount Technology for Female Health Management and Reproduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Julieta S.","family":"Del Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana M.","family":"Chuva de Sousa Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.05.013","article-title":"The need for a standard for informed consent for collection of human fetal material","volume":"17","author":"Barker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The ESHRE Guideline Group on Female Fertility Preservation, Anderson, R.A., Amant, F., Braat, D., D\u2019Angelo, A., Chuva de Sousa Lopes, S.M., Demeestere, I., Dwek, S., Frith, L., and Lambertini, M. 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