{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:48:57Z","timestamp":1788058137252,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":477,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Diabetes Association"},{"name":"American Heart Association"},{"name":"NIH NIEHS"},{"name":"NIH NIA"},{"name":"NIH NINDS"},{"name":"NS053956"},{"name":"NIH ARRA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in the nervous system with increased prevalence over the last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss and dementia. Presently, disease modifying therapies can limit the rate of relapse and potentially reduce brain volume loss in patients with MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent disease progression or the onset of cognitive disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas of inflammation, immune cell activation, and cell survival that involve novel pathways of programmed cell death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and associated pathways with the apolipoprotein E (APOE-\u03b54) gene and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These pathways are intertwined at multiple levels and can involve metabolic oversight with cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into the mechanisms of these pathways can provide new avenues of discovery for the therapeutic treatment of dementia and loss in cognition that occurs during MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10070871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T03:17:27Z","timestamp":1690168647000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Maiese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202611666140408104831","article-title":"Cutting through the complexities of mTOR for the treatment of stroke","volume":"11","author":"Maiese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.291382","article-title":"Targeting the core of neurodegeneration: FoxO, mTOR, and SIRT1","volume":"16","author":"Maiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102984","article-title":"Therapeutic mTOR blockade in systemic autoimmunity: Implications for antiviral immunity and extension of lifespan","volume":"20","author":"Geier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688526","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.688526","article-title":"Sarcopenia: What Is the Origin of This Aging-Induced Disorder?","volume":"12","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.106014","article-title":"SIRT1-FOXOs activity regulates diabetic complications","volume":"175","author":"Jalgaonkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., Zhang, H., Wang, B., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Shao, B., Zhuge, Q., and Jin, K. (2021). Key Signaling Pathways in Aging and Potential Interventions for Healthy Aging. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030660"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Minino, A.M. (2013). Death in the United States, 2011. NCHS Data Brief, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nation Center for Health Statistics."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Global demographic shifts create challenges and opportunities","volume":"Fall","author":"Hayutin","year":"2007","journal-title":"PREA Q."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v7.i2.235","article-title":"SIRT1 and stem cells: In the forefront with cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202614666170718092010","article-title":"Moving to the Rhythm with Clock (Circadian) Genes, Autophagy, mTOR, and SIRT1 in Degenerative Disease and Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2023.8485","article-title":"Roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in hepatocellular carcinoma progression (Review)","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Ding, K., Yue, R., and Lei, M. (2022). Therapeutic effects of icariin and icariside II on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2159317"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00334-w","article-title":"p85S6K sustains synaptic GluA1 to ameliorate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.33594\/000000588","article-title":"Sirtuins: Subtle Regulators Involved in Convoluted Mechanisms of Pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Kahmini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003195","article-title":"WNT1-inducible signalling pathway protein 1 stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice via the focal adhesion kinase\/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00647-7","article-title":"Reproductive Effects of Nicotinamide on Testicular Function and Structure in Old Male Rats: Oxidative, Apoptotic, Hormonal, and Morphological Analyses","volume":"28","author":"Hacioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiese, K. (2021). Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11071002"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.52586\/4971","article-title":"Neurodegeneration, memory loss, and dementia: The impact of biological clocks and circadian rhythm","volume":"26","author":"Maiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patocka, J., Kuca, K., Oleksak, P., Nepovimova, E., Valis, M., Novotny, M., and Klimova, B. (2021). Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030217"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0676-20.2020","article-title":"Positive Controls in Adults and Children Support That Very Few, If Any, New Neurons Are Born in the Adult Human Hippocampus","volume":"41","author":"Sorrells","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613036","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.613036","article-title":"Mitochondrial Redox Signaling Is Critical to the Normal Functioning of the Neuronal System","volume":"9","author":"Odnokoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20170121","article-title":"The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1): Oversight for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"46","author":"Maiese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202616666181128120003","article-title":"Sirtuins: Developing Innovative Treatments for Aged-Related Memory Loss and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Maiese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2020.01.009","article-title":"Dysregulation of metabolic flexibility: The impact of mTOR on autophagy in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"155","author":"Maiese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12932","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12932","article-title":"Untangling the effect of insulin action on brain mitochondria and metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Schell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speer, H., D\u2019cunha, N.M., Alexopoulos, N.I., McKune, A.J., and Naumovski, N. (2020). Anthocyanins and Human Health\u2014A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050366"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2010, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017\u20132025, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabq1141","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq1141","article-title":"The link between neuroinflammation and the neurovascular unit in synucleinopathies","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01323-x","article-title":"The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03102-z","article-title":"The Dialogue between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases","volume":"60","author":"Amanollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01291-8","article-title":"Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells Preserve Astrocyte Health during Induced Gliosis by Modulating Mitochondrial Activity and Functions","volume":"43","author":"Barthels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, C., Gonz\u00e1lez, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez, F., and Rodr\u00edguez, F.J. (2022). Characterization of Ex Vivo and In Vitro Wnt Transcriptome Induced by Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Microglial Cells. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060708"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202619666220729093449","article-title":"Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Autophagy: Critical Players of Inflammation and Cell Demise in the Nervous System","volume":"19","author":"Maiese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettigrew, D.B., Singh, N., Kirthivasan, S., and Crutcher, K.A. (2022). The Role of Tissue Geometry in Spinal Cord Regeneration. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58040542"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salemi, M., Mogavero, M.P., Lanza, G., Mongio\u00ec, L.M., Calogero, A.E., and Ferri, R. (2022). Examples of Inverse Comorbidity between Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Role for Noncoding RNA. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121930"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, B., Zeng, W., Song, L.L., Wang, H.M., Qu, L.Q., Lo, H.H., Yu, L., Wu, A.G., Wong, V.K.W., and Law, B.Y.K. (2022). Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of Neferine for the Attenuation of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Motor Deficit in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Mouse Model. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15010083"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-021-08700-z","article-title":"Wnt Signaling Pathways: A Role in Pain Processing","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroMol. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112063","article-title":"Signal transduction associated with lead-induced neurological disorders: A review","volume":"150","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724506","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.724506","article-title":"Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity","volume":"12","author":"Watroba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2022.148588","article-title":"Mitochondria-Nucleus communication in neurodegenerative disease. Who talks first, who talks louder?","volume":"1863","author":"Savu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873237","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.873237","article-title":"It\u2019s About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health","volume":"13","author":"Mundorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.12.029","article-title":"Virus exposure and neurodegenerative disease risk across national biobanks","volume":"111","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03525-y","article-title":"Vitamin B6, B12 and folate modulate deregulated pathways and protein aggregation in yeast model of Huntington disease","volume":"13","author":"Pradhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04125-3","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 promotes mitochondrial structural repair and functional recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.973856","article-title":"The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Casciano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100282","article-title":"PFC mTOR signaling as a biological signature for cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder without psychosis","volume":"2","author":"Radulovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01818-z","article-title":"mGluR5 Allosteric Modulation Promotes Neurorecovery in a 6-OHDA-Toxicant Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"57","author":"Farmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac016","article-title":"Effect of FOXO3 and Air Pollution on Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Older Adults in China from 2000 to 2014","volume":"77","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2008.03.002","article-title":"OutFOXOing disease and disability: The therapeutic potential of targeting FoxO proteins","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.01.004","article-title":"The Wnt signaling pathway: Aging gracefully as a protectionist?","volume":"118","author":"Maiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22828","article-title":"Brain organoids: A promising model to assess oxidative stress-induced central nervous system damage","volume":"81","author":"Oyefeso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.104384","article-title":"Synthesis and neuroprotective effects of novel chalcone-triazole hybrids","volume":"105","author":"Sooknual","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yal\u00e7in, M., Malhan, D., Basti, A., Peralta, A.R., Ferreira, J.J., and Rel\u00f3gio, A. (2021). A Computational Analysis in a Cohort of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients and Clock-Modified Colorectal Cancer Cells Reveals Common Expression Alterations in Clock-Regulated Genes. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13235978"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhakal, S., Kushairi, N., Phan, C.W., Adhikari, B., Sabaratnam, V., and Macreadie, I. (2019). Dietary Polyphenols: A Multifactorial Strategy to Target Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205090"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32974-x","article-title":"The associations of socioeconomic status with incident dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease are modified by leucocyte telomere length: A population-based cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topiwala, A., Nichols, T.E., Williams, L.Z.J., Robinson, E.C., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Taschler, B., Wang, C., Nelson, C.P., Miller, K.L., and Codd, V. (2023). Telomere length and brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282363"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03337-4","article-title":"Exploring the Causal Relationship between Telomere Biology and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"60","author":"Kuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, S., L\u00f3pez, I.P., Pi\u00f1eiro-Hermida, S., Pichel, J.G., and Moreira, P.I. (2021). IGF1R Deficiency Modulates Brain Signaling Pathways and Disturbs Mitochondria and Redox Homeostasis. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020158"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.03.002","article-title":"SIRT1 Is Necessary for Proficient Telomere Elongation and Genomic Stability of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"2","author":"Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1797280","article-title":"Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)","volume":"17","author":"Klionsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafi, O. (2016). Inverse relationship between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review. BMC Neurol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0765-2"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001154","article-title":"Endothelial SIRT1 as a Target for the Prevention of Arterial Aging: Promises and Challenges","volume":"78","author":"Begum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650431","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.650431","article-title":"Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12539-019-00347-6","article-title":"A Systems Biology Roadmap to Decode mTOR Control System in Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Dorvash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653940","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.653940","article-title":"Innate Immunity in Diabetic Wound Healing: Focus on the Mastermind Hidden in Chronic Inflammatory","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2019.5347","article-title":"Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Oxidative Damage in Physiological and Pathological Aging","volume":"39","author":"Kowalska","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03297-w","article-title":"Current perspective on the regulation of FOXO4 and its role in disease progression","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.139453","article-title":"Driving neural regeneration through the mammalian target of rapamycin","volume":"9","author":"Maiese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"999","article-title":"Stem cell guidance through the mechanistic target of rapamycin","volume":"7","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12804","article-title":"Targeting molecules to medicine with mTOR, autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"82","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202617666200327125257","article-title":"Prospects and Perspectives for WISP1 (CCN4) in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Maiese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105311","article-title":"mTOR signaling as a molecular target for the alleviation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"155","author":"Rapaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2741\/4889","article-title":"Signaling pathways and effectors of aging","volume":"26","author":"Tabibzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.016","article-title":"Sirtuins and intervertebral disc degeneration: Roles in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function","volume":"508","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13680","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13680","article-title":"Sirt1 overexpression improves senescence-associated pulmonary fibrosis induced by vitamin D deficiency through downregulating IL-11 transcription","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.15761\/JTS.1000138","article-title":"The bright side of reactive oxygen species: Lifespan extension without cellular demise","volume":"2","author":"Maiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"301","article-title":"Genkwanin Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Model of Experimental Colitis: The Participation of Sirt1","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00299","article-title":"Targeting Alpha-Synuclein as a Therapy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Fields","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallyas, F., Sumegi, B., and Szabo, C. (2020). Role of Akt Activation in PARP Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030532"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1479-20.2021","article-title":"Genetic Reduction of Mitochondria Complex I Subunits is Protective against Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila","volume":"42","author":"Groen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12374","article-title":"Roles of \u03b1-synuclein in gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis-related Parkinson\u2019s disease progression (Review)","volume":"24","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2019-0188","article-title":"MicroRNA-24 alleviates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus via attenuation of oxidative stress","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0216","article-title":"The Critical Role of SIRT1 in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"332","article-title":"The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment","volume":"17","author":"Maiese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2174\/18755739MTEzaMDMw2","article-title":"Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"18","author":"Maiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105595","article-title":"Daily and seasonal mitochondrial protection: Unraveling common possible mechanisms involving vitamin D and melatonin","volume":"199","author":"Ferder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815206","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8815206","article-title":"Reestablishment of Redox Homeostasis in the Nociceptive Primary Afferent as a Mechanism of Antinociception Promoted by Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells in Oxaliplatin-Induced Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"2021","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.025","article-title":"mTOR in Alzheimer disease and its earlier stages: Links to oxidative damage in the progression of this dementing disorder","volume":"169","author":"Perluigi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piao, S., Lee, I., Jin, S.-A., Kim, S., Nagar, H., Choi, S.-J., Jeon, B.H., and Kim, C.-S. (2021). SIRT1 Activation Attenuates the Cardiac Dysfunction Induced by Endothelial Cell-Specific Deletion of CRIF1. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9010052"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00281-8","article-title":"Genotype-driven therapeutic developments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Prasuhn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120887","article-title":"Brassinosteroids control the inflammation, oxidative stress and cell migration through the control of mitochondrial function on skin regeneration","volume":"307","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00554-w","article-title":"SHP-1 knockdown suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis and aggravates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induced by all trans retinal through the STING\/AMPK pathways","volume":"28","author":"Zhuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04496-z","article-title":"Oxidative stress in metabolic diseases: Current scenario and therapeutic relevance","volume":"478","author":"Raut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000528886","article-title":"Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cell Research in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease from 2004 to 2022","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.179032","article-title":"Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR","volume":"11","author":"Maiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.249224","article-title":"Impacting dementia and cognitive loss with innovative strategies: Mechanistic target of rapamycin, clock genes, circular non-coding ribonucleic acids, and Rho\/Rock","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1698288","article-title":"Cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus and metabolic disease: Innovative insights with the mechanistic target of rapamycin and circadian clock gene pathways","volume":"13","author":"Maiese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110721","article-title":"The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances","volume":"123","author":"Amidfar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amini, J., Sanchooli, N., Milajerdi, M.-H., Baeeri, M., Haddadi, M., and Sanadgol, N. (2023). The interplay between tauopathy and aging through interruption of UPR\/Nrf2\/autophagy crosstalk in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease transgenic experimental models. Int. J. Neurosci., 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2023.2210409"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12959","article-title":"Programmed ageing: Decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Lathe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01330-y","article-title":"Advanced Overview of Biomarkers and Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"43","author":"Rani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e318145a8c8","article-title":"The Genetics of Very Early Onset Alzheimer Disease","volume":"20","author":"Filley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X113116660047","article-title":"Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and other Therapeutic Strategies in the Search of a Real Solution for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2014.941921","article-title":"Taking aim at Alzheimer\u2019s disease through the mammalian target of rapamycin","volume":"46","author":"Maiese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113208","article-title":"Signal pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"152","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108171","article-title":"Enhancing autophagy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease through drug repositioning","volume":"237","author":"Eshraghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15662","article-title":"Diverse pathways to neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13700","article-title":"Blood based biomarkers for movement disorders","volume":"146","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2174\/156720261905221227114624","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-\u03b54 allele (APOE-\u03b54) as a Mediator of Cognitive Loss and Dementia in Long COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Maiese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527321666220422085835","article-title":"Natural products as bioactive agents in the prevention of dementia","volume":"22","author":"Rasool","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord.-Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936489","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.936489","article-title":"Phototherapy for Cognitive Function in Patients with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-syb.2013.0047","article-title":"Key network approach reveals new insight into Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Schluesener","year":"2014","journal-title":"IET Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavroidi, B., Kaminari, A., Matiadis, D., Hadjipavlou-Litina, D., Pelecanou, M., Tzinia, A., and Sagnou, M. (2022). The Prophylactic and Multimodal Activity of Two Isatin Thiosemicarbazones against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease In Vitro. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060806"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2174\/18755739MTEx2NDIjx","article-title":"Nicotinamide: Oversight of Metabolic Dysfunction through SIRT1, mTOR, and Clock Genes","volume":"17","author":"Maiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012). Dementia: A Public Health Priority, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2174\/156720212803530690","article-title":"The Challenges for Drug Development: Cytokines, Genes, and Stem Cells","volume":"9","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00820-6","article-title":"Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0210249","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0249","article-title":"EPO activates PI3K-IKK\u03b1-CDK1 signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of Glial Cells under hypoxia environment","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3692","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and traumatic brain injury: A novel insight into targeted therapy","volume":"40","author":"Movahedpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101554","article-title":"Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"74","author":"Shkodina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2022.2086175","article-title":"Chlorhexidine as a Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor: A new target for an old drug for Parkinson\u2019s disease therapy","volume":"41","author":"Unni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90155-4","article-title":"Decreased cerebrospinal fluid nitrate levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy patients","volume":"121","author":"Kuiper","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.11.001","article-title":"mTOR: On target for novel therapeutic strategies in the nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e, A., Vall\u00e9e, J.-N., and Lecarpentier, Y. (2021). Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Potential Actions of Lithium by Targeting the WNT\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Glutamatergic Pathway. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020230"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2013.780599","article-title":"Targeting erythropoietin for chronic neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Chong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00923-5","article-title":"Prolonged Beneficial Effect of Brief Erythropoietin Peptide JM4 Therapy on Chronic Relapsing EAE","volume":"18","author":"Gaindh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"144172","article-title":"The effect of FOXO gene family variants and global DNA metylation on RRMS disease","volume":"726","author":"Emre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12407","article-title":"No effects without causes: The Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases","volume":"93","author":"Kell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202618999210505124235","article-title":"Novel Insights for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders with Apoptosis, Autophagy, FoxO, and mTOR","volume":"18","author":"Maiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01518-9","article-title":"Expression of Akt1 and p-Akt1 in peripheral T cell subsets of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"121","author":"Oktelik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-019-00019-8","article-title":"Metformin accelerates myelin recovery and ameliorates behavioral deficits in the animal model of multiple sclerosis via adjustment of AMPK\/Nrf2\/mTOR signaling and maintenance of endogenous oligodendrogenesis during brain self-repairing period","volume":"72","author":"Sanadgol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007035","article-title":"The prevalence of MS in the United States: A population-based estimate using health claims data","volume":"92","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27792","article-title":"Rapamycin combined with MCC950 to treat multiple sclerosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"120","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00455-y","article-title":"Genetically Determined Levels of mTOR-Dependent Circulating Proteins and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202043480152","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis\u2014A Coordinated Immune Attack Across the Blood Brain Barrier","volume":"1","author":"Hemmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms130911102","article-title":"Erythropoietin: New Directions for the Nervous System","volume":"13","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8557-5","article-title":"Role of SIRT1 in autoimmune demyelination and neurodegeneration","volume":"61","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouzaki, A., Rodi, M., Dimisianos, N., Emmanuil, A., Kalavrizioti, D., Lagoudaki, R., Grigoriadis, N.C., and Papathanasopoulos, P. (2015). Immune Parameters That Distinguish Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Patients with Other Neurological Disorders at Presentation. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135434"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodi, M., Dimisianos, N., De Lastic, A.-L., Sakellaraki, P., Deraos, G., Matsoukas, J., Papathanasopoulos, P., and Mouzaki, A. (2016). Regulatory Cell Populations in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients: Effect of Disease Activity and Treatment Regimens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091398"},{"key":"ref_141","unstructured":"Charcot, J.M. (1877). Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System, New Sydenham Society."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.190","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis with Predominant, Severe Cognitive Impairment","volume":"66","author":"Staff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12285","article-title":"Word finding, prosody and social cognition in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"73","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"103","author":"Jongen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"srep14235","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14235","article-title":"LINGO-1 antibody ameliorates myelin impairment and spatial memory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6619515","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6619515","article-title":"Role of BDNF-mTORC1 Signaling Pathway in Female Depression","volume":"2021","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmz156","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function","volume":"52","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Et Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S310351","article-title":"Roles of Exosomes and Exosomal MicroRNAs in Postoperative Sleep Disturbance","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596641","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.596641","article-title":"Nicotinamide Improves Cognitive Function in Mice with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7503553","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7503553","article-title":"Deficient Autophagy in Microglia Aggravates Repeated Social Defeat Stress-Induced Social Avoidance","volume":"2022","author":"Sakai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584211021018","article-title":"Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases: Mechanisms and Prospective","volume":"28","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6705-1","article-title":"Cognitive impairment, health-related quality of life and vocational status at early stages of multiple sclerosis: A 7-year longitudinal study","volume":"260","author":"Ruet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Novel Functional, Health, and Genetic Determinants of Cognitive Terminal Decline: Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program\/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study","volume":"77","author":"Schofield","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1092-y","article-title":"Could Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Originate in the Periphery and If So How So?","volume":"56","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17262-4","article-title":"The association of APOE genotype with COVID-19 disease severity","volume":"12","author":"Lord","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39828-5","article-title":"Cross-disease analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and type-2 Diabetes highlights the role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of two highly comorbid diseases","volume":"9","author":"Caberlotto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacabelos, R., Carril, J.C., Cacabelos, N., Kazantsev, A.G., Vostrov, A.V., Corzo, L., Cacabelos, P., and Goldgaber, D. (2019). Sirtuins in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: SIRT2-Related GenoPhenotypes and Implications for PharmacoEpiGenetics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051249"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00060-8","article-title":"Annexin 5 and apolipoprotein E2 protect against Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid-beta-peptide cytotoxicity by competitive inhibition at a common phosphatidylserine interaction site","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2459-16.2017","article-title":"TREM2 Promotes Microglial Survival by Activating Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60682-3","article-title":"Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.5.9990","article-title":"New Strategies for Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"2","author":"Maiese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(03)00078-6","article-title":"Nicotinamide: Necessary nutrient emerges as a novel cytoprotectant for the brain","volume":"24","author":"Maiese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<568::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Membrane asymmetry and DNA degradation: Functionally distinct determinants of neuronal programmed cell death","volume":"59","author":"Maiese","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104011","article-title":"The association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Naseri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22710","article-title":"Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis","volume":"79","author":"Bastakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.94","article-title":"Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders","volume":"30","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Momkute, L., Vilkeviciute, A., Gedvilaite, G., Dubinskaite, G., Kriauciuniene, L., and Liutkeviciene, R. (2022). Association of APOE Serum Levels and APOE \u03b52, \u03b53, and \u03b54 Alleles with Optic Neuritis. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071188"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00414-z","article-title":"Characteristics of Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis-Polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) in NEURO-TTRansform, an Open-label Phase 3 Study of Eplontersen","volume":"12","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiese, K. (2023). Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050816"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01593-y","article-title":"DHCR24 reverses Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathology and cognitive impairment via increasing hippocampal cholesterol levels in 5xFAD mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12833","article-title":"Therapeutic anti-amyloid \u03b2 antibodies cause neuronal disturbances","volume":"19","author":"Adhikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210938","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202220210938","article-title":"Neuroprotection of Triptolide against Amyloid-Beta1-42-induced toxicity via the Akt\/mTOR\/p70S6K-mediated Autophagy Pathway","volume":"94","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiu, V.E., Popescu, B.O., Enache, I.I., Tiu, C., Terecoasa, E., and Panea, C.A. (2022). Serum and CSF Biomarkers Predict Active Early Cognitive Decline Rather Than Established Cognitive Impairment at the Moment of RRMS Diagnosis. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112571"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220110","article-title":"Small RNA Sequencing in the Tg4\u201342 Mouse Model Suggests the Involvement of snoRNAs in the Etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"87","author":"Lio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215096","article-title":"Effect of Long-Term Storage on the Reliability of Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Neurodegeneration","volume":"85","author":"Schubert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiravandi, A., Yari, F., Tofigh, N., Ashtiani, M.K., Shahpasand, K., Ghanian, M.-H., Shekari, F., and Faridbod, F. (2022). Earlier Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on a Novel Biomarker cis P-tau by a Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor. Biosensors, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12100879"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01444-2","article-title":"Tau seeding in cases of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"LaCroix","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24322","article-title":"Identification of Tau protein as a novel marker for maturation and pathological changes of oligodendrocytes","volume":"71","author":"Torii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02284-6","article-title":"Citicoline and COVID-19: Vis-\u00e0-vis conjectured","volume":"395","author":"Alorabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy, H.M., Al-Gareeb, A.I., Al-Maiahy, T.J., Alexiou, A., Mukerjee, N., and Batiha, G.E.-S. (2022). Prostaglandins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in COVID-19. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2022.2122290"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020624","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1020624","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 modulates inflammatory responses of alveolar epithelial type II cells via PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"13","author":"Pantazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assogna, M., Di Lorenzo, F., Martorana, A., and Koch, G. (2022). Synaptic Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081161"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2022.2085729","article-title":"Sirtuins as therapeutic targets for improving delayed wound healing in diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Beegum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun, S., Zaucke, F., Brenneis, M., Rapp, A.E., Pollinger, P., Sohn, R., Jenei-Lanzl, Z., and Meurer, A. (2022). The Corpus Adiposum Infrapatellare (Hoffa\u2019s Fat Pad)\u2014The Role of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051071"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, H., Xue, M., Deng, H., Cheng, S., Hu, Y., and Zhou, C. (2022). Ginsenoside and Its Therapeutic Potential for Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091310"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080113","article-title":"FoxO proteins: Cunning concepts and considerations for the cardiovascular system","volume":"116","author":"Maiese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.1.90","article-title":"New Avenues of Exploration for Erythropoietin","volume":"293","author":"Maiese","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, B., Vieira, M., Delerue-Matos, C., Grosso, C., and Soares, C. (2022). Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20060362"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01038-3","article-title":"Targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases: From signaling to therapy","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12293","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12293","article-title":"Distinct non-coding RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from M1 and M2 human primary macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Pantazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, M., Jiang, L., Cao, W., Wu, J., and Chen, X. (2022). Identification of Inhibitors and Drug Targets for Human Adenovirus Infections. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050959"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00850-3","article-title":"Network medicine links SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 infection to brain microvascular injury and neuroinflammation in dementia-like cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, X., Tsukuda, S., Wrensch, F., Wing, P.A., Schilling, M., Harris, J.M., Borrmann, H., Morgan, S.B., Cane, J.L., and Mailly, L. (2021). The circadian clock component BMAL1 regulates SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in lung epithelial cells. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.20.436163"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.02.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the brain: Novel cellular targets that govern survival during neurodegenerative disease","volume":"75","author":"Chong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.648926","article-title":"SIRT1: New avenues of discovery for disorders of oxidative stress","volume":"16","author":"Chong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"1","article-title":"Markers of arterial stiffness and urinary metabolomics in young adults with early cardiovascular risk: The African-PREDICT study","volume":"19","author":"Kruger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.155427","article-title":"Novel applications of trophic factors, Wnt and WISP for neuronal repair and regeneration in metabolic disease","volume":"10","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.2741\/4886","article-title":"New Insights for nicotinamide: Metabolic disease, autophagy, and mTOR","volume":"25","author":"Maiese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"282","article-title":"Brain volume loss in multiple sclerosis is independent of disease activity and might be prevented by early disease-modifying therapy","volume":"57","author":"Kadlic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. I Neurochir. Pol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.11.010","article-title":"Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: Central and peripheral mode of action","volume":"277","author":"Ohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"301","article-title":"mTOR kinase, a key player in the regulation of glial functions: Relevance for the therapy of multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Lisi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.719499","article-title":"Targeting disease through novel pathways of apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"16","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210069","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.210069","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of forkhead box O for outfoxing COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Cheema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00372-6","article-title":"Circular RNA-0007059 protects cell viability and reduces inflammation in a nephritis cell model by inhibiting microRNA-1278\/SHP-1\/STAT3 signaling","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10171-0","article-title":"The protective effects of 17-\u03b2 estradiol and SIRT1 against cardiac hypertrophy: A review","volume":"27","author":"Hajializadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02856-w","article-title":"Addressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats","volume":"59","author":"Mansour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najjar, R.S., Turner, C.G., Wong, B.J., and Feresin, R.G. (2021). Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020387"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113958","article-title":"Properties and molecular mechanisms underlying geniposide-mediated therapeutic effects in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"273","author":"Ran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5724","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2022076","article-title":"Circular RNA PIP5K1A act as microRNA-552-3p sponge to regulates inflammation, oxidative damage in glucolipotoxicity-induced pancreatic INS-1 \u03b2-cells via Janus kinase 1","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-022-00499-2","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Action of Metformin Attenuates Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders","volume":"40","author":"Sabzali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03418-7","article-title":"Apoptotic Pathways and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Probing Therapeutic Potential","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112420","article-title":"Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets","volume":"145","author":"Farahani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01137-w","article-title":"NAD(H)-loaded nanoparticles for efficient sepsis therapy via modulating immune and vascular homeostasis","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002718RR","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice by enhancing autophagy via the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202614666170313105337","article-title":"Warming Up to New Possibilities with the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1: mTOR, AMPK, and Erythropoietin","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-021-00529-8","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action in Heart Failure\u2014Has the Mystery Been Unravelled?","volume":"18","author":"Pabel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2020.102112","article-title":"Regulatory effects of ghrelin on endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and autophagy: Therapeutic potential","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00277-5","article-title":"The Emerging Key Role of Klotho in the Hypothalamus\u2013Pituitary\u2013Ovarian Axis","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2021.1882470","article-title":"Targeting PRAS40: A novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00028","article-title":"Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02065-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of pioglitazone in brain tissue adjacent to the ischemic core are mediated by PI3K\/Akt and Nrf2\/ARE pathways","volume":"99","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"5503","article-title":"Nicotinamide protects chronic hypoxic myocardial cells through regulating mTOR pathway and inducing autophagy","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55415-0","article-title":"Fundc1 is necessary for proper body axis formation during embryogenesis in zebrafish","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burillo, J., Marqu\u00e9s, P., Jim\u00e9nez, B., Gonz\u00e1lez-Blanco, C., Benito, M., and Guill\u00e9n, C. (2021). Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051236"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919905","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.919905","article-title":"Long-term oral administration of naringenin counteracts aging-related retinal degeneration via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017650","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1017650","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and mitochondrial homeostasis: The crossroads of metabolism and immunity","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-021-00803-9","article-title":"APOE genotype dependent molecular abnormalities in the cerebrovasculature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and age-matched non-demented brains","volume":"14","author":"Ojo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/01913123.2021.1988015","article-title":"Therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract against diabetic nephropathy in rats neonatally induced by streptozotocin","volume":"45","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrastruct. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i2.217","article-title":"mTOR: Driving apoptosis and autophagy for neurocardiac complications of diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202612666150305110929","article-title":"Programming Apoptosis and Autophagy with Novel Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202614666171116102911","article-title":"Forkhead Transcription Factors: Formulating a FOXO Target for Cognitive Loss","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583478","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.583478","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Autophagy Suppresses Sarcopenia through Akt\/mTOR and Akt\/FoxO3a Signal Pathways and AMPK-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01869-9","article-title":"Mutant Huntingtin Impairs Pancreatic \u03b2-cells by Recruiting IRS-2 and Disturbing the PI3K\/AKT\/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway in Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03407-2","article-title":"Acidic fibroblast growth factor attenuates type 2 diabetes-induced demyelination via suppressing oxidative stress damage","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13830","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131113830","article-title":"Oxidant Stress and Signal Transduction in the Nervous System with the PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR Cascade","volume":"13","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111714","article-title":"Astaxanthin targets PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway toward potential therapeutic applications","volume":"145","author":"Zarneshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.644121","article-title":"Protective or Harmful: The Dual Roles of Autophagy in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i14.1259","article-title":"Erythropoietin and diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3188-20.2021","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Neuronal Invasion and Complications: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"41","author":"Swain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa072","article-title":"Intake of \u03c9-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Vegetable Oils and Risk of Lifestyle Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Yamashima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1809344","article-title":"Protective role of mitoquinone against impaired mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolic syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciesielska, K., and Gajewska, M. (2023). Fatty Acids as Potent Modulators of Autophagy Activity in White Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020255"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, S.D., Jha, N.K., Ojha, S., and Sadek, B. (2023). mTOR Signaling Disruption and Its Association with the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041889"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2995","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2995","article-title":"Advances in the mTOR signaling pathway and its inhibitor rapamycin in epilepsy","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tramutola, A., Lanzillotta, S., Aceto, G., Pagnotta, S., Ruffolo, G., Cifelli, P., Marini, F., Ripoli, C., Palma, E., and Grassi, C. (2023). Intranasal Administration of KYCCSRK Peptide Rescues Brain Insulin Signaling Activation and Reduces Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-like Neuropathology in a Mouse Model for Down Syndrome. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010111"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15002","article-title":"Autophagy in neurodegeneration: New insights underpinning therapy for neurological diseases","volume":"154","author":"Corti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-016-0005-3","article-title":"Small molecules as therapeutic agents for inborn errors of metabolism","volume":"40","author":"Matalonga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0154-3","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of autophagy-enhancing agents in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Moors","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0145-0","article-title":"Molecular targets for modulating the protein translation vital to proteostasis and neuron degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12667","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12667","article-title":"Melatonin prevents neuroinflammation and relieves depression by attenuating autophagy impairment through FOXO3a regulation","volume":"69","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.32794\/mr11250067","article-title":"ER stress and autophagy induced by SARS-CoV-2: The targets for melatonin treatment","volume":"3","author":"Boga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Melatonin Res."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaraj, R.L., Beiram, R., Azimullah, S., Mf, N.M., Ojha, S.K., Adem, A., and Jalal, F.Y. (2020). Valeric Acid Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Modulating Autophagy Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207670"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., Mitter, S.K., Yan, Y., Busik, J.V., Grant, M.B., and E Boulton, M. (2020). Diurnal Rhythmicity of Autophagy Is Impaired in the Diabetic Retina. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040905"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2020.01.007","article-title":"C. elegans to model autophagy-related human disorders","volume":"172","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101966","article-title":"Exploration of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the anti-aging effects of resveratrol in zebrafish retina","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.72544","article-title":"Friend or Foe? Implication of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675419","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.675419","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Exploiting Autophagy Cascade Against Coronavirus Infection","volume":"12","author":"Maity","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedeli, U., Amidei, C.B., Avossa, F., Schievano, E., and Kingwell, E. (Eur. J. Neurol., 2023). Association of multiple sclerosis-related mortality with COVID-19 and other common infections: A multiple causes of death analysis, Eur. J. Neurol., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15912"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569392","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/569392","article-title":"FoxO Proteins in the Nervous System","volume":"2015","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Cell. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27303-8","article-title":"Metformin alleviates the cognitive impairment induced by benzo[a]pyrene via glucolipid metabolism regulated by FTO\/FoxO6 pathway in mice","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2174\/156720210791184899","article-title":"Early apoptotic vascular signaling is determined by Sirt1 through nuclear shuttling, forkhead trafficking, bad, and mitochondrial caspase activation","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.04.009","article-title":"Wnt1, FoxO3a, and NF-kappaB oversee microglial integrity and activation during oxidant stress","volume":"22","author":"Shang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20180119","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180119","article-title":"Programmed cell death in yeast by thionin-like peptide from Capsicum annuum fruits involving activation of caspases and extracellular H+ flux","volume":"38","author":"Taveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3882-16.2017","article-title":"Axonal Degeneration in Retinal Ganglion Cells Is Associated with a Membrane Polarity-Sensitive Redox Process","volume":"37","author":"Almasieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.09.017","article-title":"MG-2477, a new tubulin inhibitor, induces autophagy through inhibition of the Akt\/mTOR pathway and delayed apoptosis in A549 cells","volume":"83","author":"Viola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.07.017","article-title":"The inhibitor of phagocytosis, O-phospho-l-serine, suppresses M\u00fcller glia proliferation and cone cell regeneration in the light-damaged zebrafish retina","volume":"91","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/156720209789630302","article-title":"FoxO3a governs early microglial proliferation and employs mitochondrial depolarization with caspase 3, 8, and 9 cleavage during oxidant induced apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Shang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9900-8","article-title":"Activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin Pathway by Exogenous Wnt1 Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity","volume":"49","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2174\/156720211796558069","article-title":"Erythropoietin Employs Cell Longevity Pathways of SIRT1 to Foster Endothelial Vascular Integrity during Oxidant Stress","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20021904","article-title":"Ameliorating the Effect of Astragaloside IV on Learning and Memory Deficit after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7645","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07645","article-title":"Tet1-mediated DNA demethylation regulates neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Xin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1516-2","article-title":"Erythropoietin Attenuates Advanced Glycation Endproducts-Induced Toxicity of Schwann Cells In Vitro","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000039103.58920.1F","article-title":"Erythropoietin Is a Novel Vascular Protectant through Activation of Akt1 and Mitochondrial Modulation of Cysteine Proteases","volume":"106","author":"Chong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_274","first-page":"5233","article-title":"Recent advances of SIRT1 and implications in chemotherapeutics resistance in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Yousafzai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_275","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Resveratrol protects retinal ganglion cells against ischemia induced damage by increasing Opa1 expression","volume":"46","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan, T., Xu, Y., Li, S., Li, N., Zhang, S., and Zhu, H. (2022). Cornin protects against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by preventing autophagy via the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00620-3"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2022.03.001","article-title":"A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202611666140912115107","article-title":"WISP1: Clinical insights for a proliferative and restorative member of the CCN family","volume":"11","author":"Maiese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0094","article-title":"Autophagy and Apoptosis in Acute Brain Injuries: From Mechanism to Treatment","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9339-3","article-title":"CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 Axis Plays a Key Role in Ischemia-Induced Oligodendrocyte Injury via p38MAPK Signaling Pathway","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-021-00446-7","article-title":"Interfering TUG1 Attenuates Cerebrovascular Endothelial Apoptosis and Inflammatory injury after Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion via TUG1\/miR-410\/FOXO3 ceRNA Axis","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599389","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.599389","article-title":"A Novel PDE4D Inhibitor BPN14770 Reverses Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits via cAMP\/SIRT1\/Akt\/Bcl-2 Pathway","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gusev, E., Sarapultsev, A., Hu, D., and Chereshnev, V. (2021). Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147582"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000507398","article-title":"Diosgenin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Underlying Mechanisms","volume":"80","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02390-1","article-title":"The mTOR\/NF-\u03baB Pathway Mediates Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Plasticity in Diabetic Encephalopathy","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200100","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200100","article-title":"Increased NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis with Fingolimod Treatment Failure","volume":"10","author":"Malhotra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol.-Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_287","first-page":"327","article-title":"Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2): Anti-inflammatory strategies","volume":"34","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7625","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15398","article-title":"Melatonin modulates mitophagy, innate immunity and circadian clocks in a model of viral-induced fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"24","author":"Crespo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00101","article-title":"Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Aggravates Inflammatory Response via Sirtuin Regulation and Inflammasome Activation in RAW 264.7 Cells","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.03.008","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial dysfunction on rheumatic diseases","volume":"165","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.303032","article-title":"Research trends, hot spots and prospects for necroptosis in the field of neuroscience","volume":"16","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_292","first-page":"1251","article-title":"The Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2: Diversified control of cell growth, inflammation, and injury","volume":"22","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15831","article-title":"Ferroptosis and central nervous system demyelinating diseases","volume":"165","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiese, K. (Curr. Neurovasc. Res., 2023). The Implications of Telomere Length: Advanced Aging, Cell Senescence, MRI Phenotypes, Stem Cells and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Curr. Neurovasc. Res., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202620666230510150337"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiese, K. (Curr. Neurovasc. Res., 2023). Ferroptosis, Iron Metabolism, and Forkhead Transcription Factors (FoxOs), Curr. Neurovasc. Res., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202620666230706160056"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137635","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1137635","article-title":"The role of iron metabolism in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Meuth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12021","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2054194","article-title":"MiR-19a suppresses ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells by targeting IREB2","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12307","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12307","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of ENPP2 by FoxO4 protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced toxicity","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2022.0078","article-title":"Low-Intensity Exercise Affects Cardiac Fatty Acid Oxidation by Increasing the Nuclear Content of PPAR\u03b1, FOXO1, and Lipin1 in Fructose-Fed Rats","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad054","article-title":"FOXK1 regulates Wnt signalling to promote cardiogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Dsouza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, S. (2022). Emergent Converging Technologies and Biomedical Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2271-0"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001893","article-title":"Deficiency of two-pore segment channel 2 contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus via regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019donnell, B.T., Monjure, T.A., Al-Ghadban, S., Ives, C.J., L\u2019ecuyer, M.P., Rhee, C., Romero-Lopez, M., Li, Z., Goodman, S.B., and Lin, H. (2022). Aberrant Expression of COX-2 and FOXG1 in Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived ASCs from Pre-Diabetic Donors. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152367"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiese, K. (2010). Forkhead Transcription Factors: Vital Elements in Biology and Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1599-3"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beretta, G.L., Corno, C., Zaffaroni, N., and Perego, P. (2019). Role of FoxO Proteins in Cellular Response to Antitumor Agents. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010090"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1877734","article-title":"Kaempferol suppresses acetaminophen-induced liver damage by upregulation\/activation of SIRT1","volume":"59","author":"BinMowyna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11166","article-title":"MicroRNA-4722-5p and microRNA-615-3p serve as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612829666230510124716","article-title":"Exploring the potential mechanism of action of ursolic acid against gastric cancer and COVID-19 using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.15761\/JTS.1000146","article-title":"Forkhead transcription factors: New considerations for alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia","volume":"2","author":"Maiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.01.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress: Biomarkers and novel therapeutic pathways","volume":"45","author":"Maiese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razzaghi, A., Choobineh, S., Gaeini, A., and Soori, R. (2023). Interaction of exercise training with taurine attenuates infarct size and cardiac dysfunction via Akt\u2013Foxo3a\u2013Caspase-8 signaling pathway. Amino Acids, 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-023-03275-4"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14969","article-title":"Forkhead Box O3a requires BAF57, a subunit of chromatin remodeler SWI\/SNF complex for induction of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) in a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"154","author":"Sanphui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05994-3","article-title":"Evaluation of silent information regulator T (SIRT) 1 and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor 1 and 3a genes in glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Yaman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_314","first-page":"65","article-title":"MiRNA-96 accelerates the malignant progression of ovarian cancer via targeting FOXO3a","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S180","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.413","article-title":"L-carnitine treatment attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135882","article-title":"Expression of FOXO transcription factors in the brain following traumatic brain injury","volume":"753","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20139","article-title":"A \u201cFOXO\u201d in sight: Targeting Foxo proteins from conception to cancer","volume":"29","author":"Maiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.3.8916","article-title":"A Fork in the Path: Developing Therapeutic Inroads with FoxO Proteins","volume":"2","author":"Maiese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/364412a0","article-title":"Co-crystal structure of the HNF-3\/fork head DNA-recognition motif resembles histone H5","volume":"364","author":"Clark","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15725","article-title":"ID1 inhibits foot-and-mouth disease virus replication via targeting of interferon pathways","volume":"288","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13569","article-title":"Acylated ghrelin protects against doxorubicin-induced nephropathy by activating silent information regulator 1","volume":"128","author":"Shati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.208926.112","article-title":"FoxO6 regulates memory consolidation and synaptic function","volume":"26","author":"Salih","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-1044-7","article-title":"A drug library screen identifies Carbenoxolone as novel FOXO inhibitor that overcomes FOXO3-mediated chemoprotection in high-stage neuroblastoma","volume":"39","author":"Salcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1319","article-title":"daf-16: An HNF-3\/forkhead family member that can function to double the life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"278","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/40194","article-title":"The Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans","volume":"389","author":"Ogg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006965","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006965","article-title":"Knock-out of a mitochondrial sirtuin protects neurons from degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"13","author":"Sangaletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18409","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2529-13.2013","article-title":"Mutation of Foxo3 Causes Adult Onset Auditory Neuropathy and Alters Cochlear Synapse Architecture in Mice","volume":"33","author":"Gilels","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.09.006","article-title":"Erythropoietin in the brain: Can the promise to protect be fulfilled?","volume":"25","author":"Maiese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000122746.72175.0E","article-title":"The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Governs Neuronal Survival during Oxidative Stress through Protein Kinase B Coupled to FOXO3a and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential","volume":"24","author":"Chong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/156720213804805945","article-title":"WISP1 neuroprotection requires FoxO3a post-translational modulation with autoregulatory control of SIRT1","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24700","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.567321","article-title":"The Neuroprotective Effect of Klotho is Mediated via Regulation of Members of the Redox System","volume":"289","author":"Zeldich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15581","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.650994","article-title":"Forkhead Box O6 (FoxO6) Depletion Attenuates Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Protects against Fat-induced Glucose Disorder in Mice","volume":"290","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2005.07.003","article-title":"Spatial and temporal expression of FoxO transcription factors in the developing and adult murine brain","volume":"6","author":"Hoekman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20050525","article-title":"FoxO6 transcriptional activity is regulated by Thr26 and Ser184, independent of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling","volume":"391","author":"Jacobs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-06019-1","article-title":"LncRNA ANCR Promotes Invasion and Migration of Gastric Cancer by Regulating FoxO1 Expression to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization","volume":"65","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22631","article-title":"The role of reciprocal activation of cAbl and Mst1 in the Oxidative death of cultured astrocytes","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.02.006","article-title":"PRAS40 plays a pivotal role in protecting against stroke by linking the Akt and mTOR pathways","volume":"66","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135322","article-title":"FoxO1 overexpression reduces A\u03b2 production and tau phosphorylation in vitro","volume":"738","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, S., Li, W., Hou, N., and Huang, N. (2020). A Review of FoxO1-Regulated Metabolic Diseases and Related Drug Discoveries. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010184"},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2741\/4408","article-title":"Regeneration in the nervous system with erythropoietin","volume":"21","author":"Maiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.02.037","article-title":"FOXO3a governs early and late apoptotic endothelial programs during elevated glucose through mitochondrial and caspase signaling","volume":"321","author":"Hou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2013.08.003","article-title":"Involvement of the FoxO3a pathway in the ischemia\/reperfusion injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"95","author":"Qi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-016-9645-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial FOXO3a is involved in amyloid \u03b2 peptide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"48","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.122","article-title":"Inhibition of JNK\/dFOXO pathway and caspases rescues neurological impairments in Drosophila Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"419","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206778","article-title":"Proteolytic regulation of Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a by caspase-3-like proteases","volume":"22","author":"Charvet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.20052","article-title":"FOXO Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Farhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11278","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502738102","article-title":"Acetylation of Foxo1 alters its DNA-binding ability and sensitivity to phosphorylation","volume":"102","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202612666150807112524","article-title":"FoxO Transcription Factors and Regenerative Pathways in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5436","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1448-3","article-title":"The Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"56","author":"Czubowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2017.07.001","article-title":"Functional analyses of major cancer-related signaling pathways in Alzheimer\u2019s disease etiology","volume":"1868","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2174\/156720209787466064","article-title":"The Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO3a Controls Microglial Inflammatory Activation and Eventual Apoptotic Injury through Caspase 3","volume":"6","author":"Shang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2174\/156720206776875830","article-title":"Group I Metabotropic Receptor Neuroprotection Requires Akt and Its Substrates that Govern FOXO3a, Bim, and \u03b2-Catenin during Oxidative Stress","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlSaleh, A., Shahid, M., Farid, E., and Bindayna, K. (2023). The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide on Panton\u2013Valentine Leukocidin Cytotoxicity: An Ex Vivo Study. Toxins, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010038"},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14218","article-title":"From bench to behaviour: The role of lifestyle factors on intraocular pressure, neuroprotection, and disease progression in glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13647","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13647","article-title":"Exercise increases the release of NAMPT in extracellular vesicles and alters NAD + activity in recipient cells","volume":"21","author":"Chong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056291","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2056291","article-title":"Nicotinamide could reduce growth and cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, I.U., Khan, A., Ahmad, R., Choe, K., Park, H.Y., Lee, H.J., Atiq, A., Park, J., Hahm, J.R., and Kim, M.O. (2022). Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotinamide against MPTP-Induced Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Mice: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Nrf2\/HO-1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112929"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13347","article-title":"Nicotinamide mitigates radiation injury in submandibular gland by protecting mitochondrial structure and functions","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14093446","article-title":"The Vitamin Nicotinamide: Translating Nutrition into Clinical Care","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fessel, J. (2023). Supplementary Pharmacotherapy for the Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by Stressors in Humans, Focused on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041680"},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fessel, J. (2023). Cure of Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia Requires Addressing All of the Affected Brain Cell Types. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12052049"},{"key":"ref_362","unstructured":"Yang, K., Zhang, L., Chen, W., Cheng, J., Zhao, X., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Zhou, M., Yao, Y., and Li, Y. (Histol. Histopathol., 2023). Expression of EPO and related factors in the liver and kidney of plain and Tibetan sheep, Histol. Histopathol., epub ahead of print."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04671-6","article-title":"Erythropoietin promotes M2 macrophage phagocytosis of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve injury","volume":"13","author":"Govindappa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00523","article-title":"Erythropoietin and Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin Vaccination Mitigate 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington-like Disease in Rats by Modulating the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR\/P70S6K Pathway and Enhancing the Autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Senousy","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06331-9","article-title":"Erythropoietin regulates signaling pathways associated with neuroprotective events","volume":"240","author":"Sergio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2174\/156720211795495402","article-title":"EPO Relies upon Novel Signaling of Wnt1 that Requires Akt1, FoxO3a, GSK-3\u03b2, and \u03b2-Catenin to Foster Vascular Integrity during Experimental Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Chong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707161","article-title":"Erythropoietin involves the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, 14-3-3 protein and FOXO3a nuclear trafficking to preserve endothelial cell integrity","volume":"150","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205230","article-title":"Phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factors by erythropoietin and stem cell factor prevents acetylation and their interaction with coactivator p300 in erythroid progenitor cells","volume":"21","author":"Mahmud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-014-9571-z","article-title":"Erythropoietin Delivered via Intra-Arterial Infusion Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Brain Microvessels of Rats Following Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00382","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160174","article-title":"Knockdown of GSK3\u03b2 increases basal autophagy and AMPK signalling in nutrient-laden human aortic endothelial cells","volume":"36","author":"Weikel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds040","article-title":"Targeting the UPR transcription factor XBP1 protects against Huntington\u2019s disease through the regulation of FoxO1 and autophagy","volume":"21","author":"Vidal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7917","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0363-14.2014","article-title":"TGF Signaling Regulates the Timing of CNS Myelination by Modulating Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Cycle Exit through SMAD3\/4\/FoxO1\/Sp1","volume":"34","author":"Palazuelos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160149","article-title":"Blockade of the Interaction of Calcineurin with FOXO in Astrocytes Protects Against Amyloid-\u03b2-Induced Neuronal Death","volume":"52","author":"Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.10.001","article-title":"The nuclear retention of transcription factor FOXO3a correlates with a DNA damage response and increased glutamine synthetase expression by astrocytes suggesting a neuroprotective role in the ageing brain","volume":"609","author":"Fluteau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.744730","article-title":"Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Amyloid-\u03b2-induced Neuronal Death","volume":"292","author":"Saleem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1415","article-title":"Osteopontin-induced relapse and progression of autoimmune brain disease through enhanced survival of activated T cells","volume":"8","author":"Hur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210309112234","article-title":"Dysregulation of SIRT-1 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmune Disorders: A Systematic Review of SIRTUIN Activators as Potential Immunomodulators and their Influences on other Dysfunctions","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord.-Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202613666161129112822","article-title":"Harnessing the Power of SIRT1 and Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Disease","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahan, R., Yousaf, M., Khan, H., Shah, S.A., Khan, A.A., Bibi, N., Javed, F., Ijaz, M., Ali, A., and Wei, D.-Q. (2023). Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate Improved Pre and Post-Synapse Memory Impairment via SIRT1\/p-JNK Pathway against Scopolamine in Adult Mice. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-023-10067-w"},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114573","article-title":"The role of Sirtuin 1 and its activators in age-related lung disease","volume":"162","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111889","article-title":"Systems modelling predicts chronic inflammation and genomic instability prevent effective mitochondrial regulation during biological ageing","volume":"166","author":"Guimera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadria, M., Seo, D., and Layton, A.T. (2022). The mixed blessing of AMPK signaling in Cancer treatments. BMC Cancer, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09211-1"},{"key":"ref_383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1584","article-title":"Resveratrol improves left ventricular remodeling in chronic kidney disease via Sirt1-mediated regulation of FoxO1 activity and MnSOD expression","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202615666180319151244","article-title":"Novel Treatment Strategies for the Nervous System: Circadian Clock Genes, Non-coding RNAs, and Forkhead Transcription Factors","volume":"15","author":"Maiese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8891544","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8891544","article-title":"Resveratrol Suppresses Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Microcirculation Disturbance through Targeting SIRT1-FOXO1 Axis","volume":"2021","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01288-3","article-title":"Research Progress on the Role of Sirtuin 1 in Cerebral Ischemia","volume":"43","author":"Fangma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R.-B., Ren, L., Ding, D.-P., Wang, H.-D., Peng, J., and Zheng, K. (2022). Protective Effect of the SIRT1-Mediated NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway against Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Mice. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758157"},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00805-5","article-title":"Vildagliptin Attenuates Huntington\u2019s Disease through Activation of GLP-1 Receptor\/PI3K\/Akt\/BDNF Pathway in 3-Nitropropionic Acid Rat Model","volume":"17","author":"Sayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M., Ullah, R., Rehman, S.U., Shah, S.A., Saeed, K., Muhammad, T., Park, H.Y., Jo, M.H., Choe, K., and Rutten, B.P. (2019). 17\u03b2-Estradiol Modulates SIRT1 and Halts Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cognitive Impairment in a Male Aging Mouse Model. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080928"},{"key":"ref_390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01555-1","article-title":"FoxO transcription factors 1 regulate mouse preimplantation embryo development","volume":"36","author":"Kuscu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.163667","article-title":"FoxO1 Mediates an Autofeedback Loop Regulating SIRT1 Expression","volume":"286","author":"Xiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.07.013","article-title":"Hydrogen-rich water attenuates amyloid \u03b2-induced cytotoxicity through upregulation of Sirt1-FoxO3a by stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase in SK-N-MC cells","volume":"240","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Interact."},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040376","article-title":"mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin): Hitting the Bull\u2019s Eye for Enhancing Neurogenesis after Cerebral Ischemia?","volume":"54","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171636","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2171636","article-title":"Resistin secreted by porcine alveolar macrophages leads to endothelial cell dysfunction during Haemophilus parasuis infection","volume":"14","author":"Hua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.185918","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibition of the Akt\/mTOR pathway blocks select stages of VEGF-A164-driven angiogenesis, in part by blocking S6Kinase","volume":"29","author":"Xue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565669","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.565669","article-title":"The Molecular Landscape and Biological Alterations Induced by PRAS40-Knockout in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab110","article-title":"Temporal and spatial expression of adrenomedullin and its receptors in the porcine uterus and peri-implantation conceptuses","volume":"105","author":"Paudel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong, Z.Z., Shang, Y.C., Wang, S., and Maiese, K. (2012). PRAS40 Is an Integral Regulatory Component of Erythropoietin mTOR Signaling and Cytoprotection. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045456"},{"key":"ref_399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2174\/156720212803530618","article-title":"WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) Targets PRAS40 to Govern beta-Amyloid Apoptotic Injury of Microglia","volume":"9","author":"Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.08.010","article-title":"Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40): A novel downstream target of PI3k\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00114-X","article-title":"G\u03b2L, a Positive Regulator of the Rapamycin-Sensitive Pathway Required for the Nutrient-Sensitive Interaction between Raptor and mTOR","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02706-8","article-title":"Recent advances and limitations of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17266","article-title":"Polycystin-1 regulates cell proliferation and migration through AKT\/mTORC2 pathway in a human craniosynostosis cell model","volume":"26","author":"Katsianou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081668","article-title":"mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) controls hydrophobic motif phosphorylation and activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1)","volume":"416","author":"Alessi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20102103","article-title":"Protor-1 is required for efficient mTORC2-mediated activation of SGK1 in the kidney","volume":"436","author":"Pearce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.08.001","article-title":"mSin1 Is Necessary for Akt\/PKB Phosphorylation, and Its Isoforms Define Three Distinct mTORC2s","volume":"16","author":"Frias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979996","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.979996","article-title":"Dengue activates mTORC2 signaling to counteract apoptosis and maximize viral replication","volume":"12","author":"Carter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12801","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12801","article-title":"The emerging roles of protein homeostasis-governing pathways in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100440","article-title":"Prevention of beta-amyloid degeneration of microglia by erythropoietin depends on Wnt1, the PI 3-K\/mTOR pathway, Bad, and Bcl-xL","volume":"4","author":"Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-00801-w","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-021-00495-2","article-title":"mTOR inhibition: A double-edged sword in patients with COVID-19?","volume":"34","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e929279-1","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.929279","article-title":"Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors on the Course of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients","volume":"26","author":"Hasbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13221","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13221","article-title":"Amino acid sensing pathway: A major check point in the pathogenesis of obesity and COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Philips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07070-6","article-title":"The host mTOR pathway and parasitic diseases pathogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Rashidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00362-7","article-title":"Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: Time for research to develop adaptation strategies","volume":"10","author":"Bousquet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_416","first-page":"102","article-title":"The mTOR pathway as a target for SARS-COV-2: Rapamycin as a possible alternative pharmacological therapeutic for COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Teixeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Act. Farma Terap."},{"key":"ref_417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60213-0","article-title":"Metformin-induced suppression of IFN-\u03b1 via mTORC1 signalling following seasonal vaccination is associated with impaired antibody responses in type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Saenwongsa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.202000030","article-title":"Clusterin suppresses spermatogenic cell apoptosis to alleviate diabetes-induced testicular damage by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR axis","volume":"113","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25226","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25226","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of the anticancer drug NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) on amyloid-\u03b2 1\u201342 induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment","volume":"6","author":"Bellozi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2174\/156720213804806007","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) modulates CCN4 cytoprotection during apoptotic amyloid toxicity in microglia","volume":"10","author":"Shang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12316","article-title":"\u03bc-Opioid Receptor Attenuates A\u03b2Oligomers-Induced Neurotoxicity through mTOR Signaling","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.1.11","article-title":"Temporal changes in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated-mTOR expressions in the hippocampal CA1 region of rat with vascular dementia","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Veter-Sci."},{"key":"ref_423","first-page":"7459","article-title":"Mangiferin Potentiates Neuroprotection by Isoflurane in Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase\/Akt\/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR) Signaling","volume":"24","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Experiment"},{"key":"ref_424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-019-09825-z","article-title":"Role of mTOR complex in IGF-1 induced neural differentiation of DPSCs","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histochem. J."},{"key":"ref_425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.2174\/156720211798120990","article-title":"Erythropoietin and Wnt1 govern pathways of mTOR, Apaf-1, and XIAP in inflammatory microglia","volume":"8","author":"Shang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04646-5","article-title":"Colistin induced peripheral neurotoxicity involves mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice","volume":"46","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.11.005","article-title":"Stress in the brain: Novel cellular mechanisms of injury linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Chong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875961","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/875961","article-title":"New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2015","author":"Maiese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1356","article-title":"Hydroxytyrosol restores proper insulin signaling in an astrocytic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Crespo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-19-0080","article-title":"Aldose reductase regulates hyperglycemia-induced HUVEC death via SIRT1\/AMPK-\u03b11\/mTOR pathway","volume":"63","author":"Pal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.04.016","article-title":"Genetic ablation of PRAS40 improves glucose homeostasis via linking the AKT and mTOR pathways","volume":"96","author":"Malla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879066","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.879066","article-title":"Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12409","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2074767","article-title":"Wnt family member 1 (Wnt1) overexpression-induced M2 polarization of microglia alleviates inflammation-sensitized neonatal brain injuries","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140564","article-title":"AMPK Activation Ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Like Pathology and Spatial Memory Impairment in a Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Model in Rats","volume":"43","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2013.736485","article-title":"Novel directions for diabetes mellitus drug discovery","volume":"8","author":"Maiese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3781","article-title":"A\u03b2 peptide secretion is reduced by Radix Polygalae-induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK\/mTOR pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3229-16.2017","article-title":"Selenomethionine Mitigates Cognitive Decline by Targeting Both Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Autophagic Clearance in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Mouse Model","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.08.013","article-title":"AMPK activation: Role in the signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"298","author":"Peixoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-06015-2","article-title":"Electroconvulsive seizure inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway via AMPK in the rat frontal cortex","volume":"239","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13894","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13894","article-title":"Sex and age differences in AMPK phosphorylation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and inflammation in hearts from inflammatory cardiomyopathy patients","volume":"00","author":"Barcena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102760","article-title":"Energy stress modulation of AMPK\/FoxO3 signaling inhibits mitochondria-associated ferroptosis","volume":"63","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.026","article-title":"Crosstalk between epigenetics and mTOR as a gateway to new insights in pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"192","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15351","article-title":"Phytocannabinoid-dependent mTORC1 regulation is dependent upon inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity","volume":"178","author":"Warren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00323","article-title":"Rapamycin Confers Neuroprotection against Colistin-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria Dysfunction, and Apoptosis through the Activation of Autophagy and mTOR\/Akt\/CREB Signaling Pathways","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02424-7","article-title":"NF-\u03baB\/mTOR-mediated autophagy can regulate diquat-induced apoptosis","volume":"93","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0757-5","article-title":"Glutamine protects against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting the activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in parkinsonian cell model","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.03.012","article-title":"Capsaicin protects against testicular torsion injury through mTOR-dependent mechanism","volume":"113","author":"Javdan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26452","article-title":"S14G-humanin alleviates insulin resistance and increases autophagy in neurons of APP\/PS1 transgenic mouse","volume":"119","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0398-0","article-title":"Influence of age-related learning and memory capacity of mice: Different effects of a high and low caloric diet","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37215-0","article-title":"Acute glucose fluctuation impacts microglial activity, leading to inflammatory activation or self-degradation","volume":"9","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1327927","article-title":"MTOR controls genesis and autophagy of GABAergic interneurons during brain development","volume":"13","author":"Ka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martino, L., Masini, M., Novelli, M., Beffy, P., Bugliani, M., Marselli, L., Masiello, P., Marchetti, P., and De Tata, V. (2012). Palmitate Activates Autophagy in INS-1E \u03b2-Cells and in Isolated Rat and Human Pancreatic Islets. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036188"},{"key":"ref_453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, J., Uppal, K., Liu, K.H., Hu, X., Orr, M., Tran, V., Go, Y.-M., and Jones, D.P. (2023). Antagonistic Interactions in Mitochondria ROS Signaling Responses to Manganese. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040804"},{"key":"ref_454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2023.2165632","article-title":"RNA methylation and cellular response to oxidative stress-promoting anticancer agents","volume":"22","author":"Ponzetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00172","article-title":"High Glucose Condition Induces Autophagy in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Contributing to Angiogenic Impairment","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2443-1","article-title":"Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Protects Against Hippocampal Damage in Developing Rats with Seizures by Modulating Autophagy via the S6 Protein in a Time-Dependent Manner","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_457","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cornin protects SH-SY5Y cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced autophagy through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway","volume":"17","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab052","article-title":"Xanthohumol ameliorates memory impairment and reduces the deposition of \u03b2-amyloid in APP\/PS1 mice via regulating the mTOR\/LC3II and Bax\/Bcl-2 signalling pathways","volume":"73","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000444360","article-title":"The Akt\/mTOR\/p70S6K Pathway Is Involved in the Neuroprotective Effect of Erythropoietin on Hypoxic\/Ischemic Brain Injury in a Neonatal Rat Model","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-013-1821-5","article-title":"The AKT\/mTOR pathway mediates neuronal protective effects of erythropoietin in sepsis","volume":"385","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00271","article-title":"Abnormal Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Regulates Neuropathic Pain by Mediating the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin-Related Autophagy and Neuroinflammation in Mice","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_462","first-page":"355","article-title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Attenuates Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Salt\u2013Induced Hypertension and Related Pathophysiology: Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Hypertrophy in Male Rats","volume":"79","author":"Guden","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109093","article-title":"Nicotinamide and its metabolite N1-Methylnicotinamide alleviate endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in adipose and ovarian tissues in rat model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"324","author":"Nejabati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Interact."},{"key":"ref_464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.014","article-title":"Metformin, Independent of AMPK, Inhibits mTORC1 in a Rag GTPase-Dependent Manner","volume":"11","author":"Kalender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bramante, C., Ingraham, N., Murray, T., Marmor, S., Hoversten, S., Gronski, J., McNeil, C., Feng, R., Guzman, G., and Abdelwahab, N. (2020). Observational Study of Metformin and Risk of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.19.20135095"},{"key":"ref_466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.15605\/jafes.036.02.20","article-title":"Association between Metformin Use and Mortality Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection","volume":"36","author":"Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. ASEAN Fed. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22725","article-title":"Sirt1 overexpression in neurons promotes neurite outgrowth and cell survival through inhibition of the mTOR signaling","volume":"89","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1641","article-title":"SIRT1 Positively Regulates Autophagy and Mitochondria Function in Embryonic Stem Cells Under Oxidative Stress","volume":"32","author":"Ou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0498-0","article-title":"mTOR may interact with PARP-1 to regulate visible light-induced parthanatos in photoreceptors","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3476-8","article-title":"Genistein protects against ox-LDL-induced senescence through enhancing SIRT1\/LKB1\/AMPK-mediated autophagy flux in HUVECs","volume":"455","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"srep41082","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41082","article-title":"Hormetic effect of panaxatriol saponins confers neuroprotection in PC12 cells and zebrafish through PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and AMPK\/SIRT1\/FOXO3 pathways","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111200","article-title":"The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment","volume":"135","author":"Steyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_473","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10004","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103493","article-title":"From causes of aging to death from COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Blagosklonny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"do Nascimento, I.J.B., Cacic, N., Abdulazeem, H.M., Von Groote, T.C., Jayarajah, U., Weerasekara, I., Esfahani, M.A., Civile, V.T., Marusic, A., and Jeron\u010di\u0107, A. (2020). Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Humans: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040941"},{"key":"ref_475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01302-7","article-title":"APOE \u03b54 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: A Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study","volume":"9","author":"Kurki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_476","first-page":"83","article-title":"Picking a bone with WISP1 (CCN4): New strategies against degenerative joint disease","volume":"1","author":"Maiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03213-x","article-title":"Impaired intestinal stem cell activity in ETEC infection: Enterotoxins, cyclic nucleotides, and Wnt signaling","volume":"96","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/7\/871\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:17:26Z","timestamp":1760127446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/7\/871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"references-count":477,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10070871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10070871","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]}}}