{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:13:07Z","timestamp":1790817187801,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01NS080833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS080833"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01NS117626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS117626"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01AI132387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI132387"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R21NS106159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS106159"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01AI139087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139087"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01AI158503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI158503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetic screen technology has been applied to study the mechanism of action of bacterial toxins\u2014a special class of virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis caused by bacterial infections. These screens aim to identify host factors that directly or indirectly facilitate toxin intoxication. Additionally, specific properties of certain toxins, such as membrane interaction, retrograde trafficking, and carbohydrate binding, provide robust probes to comprehensively investigate the lipid biosynthesis, membrane vesicle transport, and glycosylation pathways, respectively. This review specifically focuses on recent representative toxin-based genetic screens that have identified new players involved in and provided new insights into fundamental biological pathways, such as glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, protein glycosylation, and membrane vesicle trafficking pathways. Functionally characterizing these newly identified factors not only expands our current understanding of toxin biology but also enables a deeper comprehension of fundamental biological questions. Consequently, it stimulates the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting both bacterial infectious diseases and genetic disorders with defects in these factors and pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T01:11:26Z","timestamp":1690333886000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gaining New Insights into Fundamental Biological Pathways by Bacterial Toxin-Based Genetic Screens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songhai","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7272-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nini","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ala\u2019Aldeen, D.A.A., and Wooldridge, K.G. 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